Table 2.

Summary of mentioned lipopeptide antibiotic adjuvants

Structure	Name (abbreviation, number in text)	Source	Application
	Colistin	Paenibacillus polymyxa subspecies colistinus [31]	Last resort antibiotic for GNB infections [31, 32]
	Polymyxin B	Paenibacillus polymyxa subspecies colistinus [33]	Last resort antibiotic for GNB infections [33]
	Guanidinylated colistin (GCol)	Modification of colistin [34]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with rifampicin, novobiocin, and erythromycin against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), and P. aeruginosa [34]
	GCol polymyxin B (GPMB)	Modification of polymyxin B [34]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with vancomycin, clindamycin, and linezolid against E. coli, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa [34]
	Brevibacillin 2V	Brevibacillus laterosporus [35, 36]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with nalidixic acid, azithromycin, rifampicin, and amikacin against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii [35, 36]
	Short antimicrobial peptidomimetic 5 (SAMP-5)	Peptidomimetics	Antibiotic with activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa [37]; antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, and chloramphenicol against P. aeruginosa [38]; antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with ciprofloxacin and oxacillin against E. coli [38]
	Dilipid ultrashort tetrabasic peptidomimetic (dUSTBP) di(C8-Arg)-Nbap-Arg-NH2 (8)	Peptidomimetics [39]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with novobiocin and rifampicin against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and Enterobacteriaceae [39]
	dUSTBβP 3	Modification of 8 to incorporate beta-amino acid (β-AA) instead of α-AA [40]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with novobiocin and rifampicin against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) [40]; increased resistance against proteolysis but slower bactericidal activity than 8
	C10BBc12B	Peptidomimetics	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with rifampin against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli; synergy with erythromycin against E. coli and K. pneumoniae; additive effect with erythromycin against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii [41, 42]
	Lipo S	N/A	Used together: antibiotic adjuvant, encapsulation of ciprofloxacin with synergistic effects against K. pneumoniae [43]; Lipo 20 alone: antibiotic activity against K. pneumoniae
	Lipo 20

N/A: not applicable