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. 2025 Aug 15;104(33):e43502. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000043502

Table 3.

Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis of factors associated with tumor differentiation grade.

Variable β OR (95% CI) P-value
Imaging parameters
 CT-ECV (per 5% increase) 0.62 (0.15) 1.86 (1.39–2.49) <.001
 ΔHU (tumor) (per 10 HU increase) 0.41 (0.18) 1.51 (1.06–2.14) .022
Serum biomarkers
 CEA (per 10 ng/mL increase) 0.33 (0.11) 1.39 (1.12–1.72) .003
 CA19-9 (per 50 U/mL increase) 0.28 (0.09) 1.32 (1.11–1.58) .002
 NLR (per 1 unit increase) 0.45 (0.13) 1.57 (1.21–2.03) <.001
Clinical confounders
 TNM Stage (III–IV vs I–II) 0.87 (0.22) 2.39 (1.55–3.68) <.001
 Tumor size (per 1 cm increase) 0.21 (0.10) 1.23 (1.01–1.50) .041

Bold values indicate statistical significance.

CA125 = carbohydrate antigen 125, CA19-9 = carbohydrate antigen 19-9, CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen, CI = confidence interval, CT-ECV = computed tomography-derived extracellular volume fraction, NLR = neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, OR = odds ratio, TNM = Tumor, Node, Metastasis Classification System.