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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 21.
Published before final editing as: Adult Learn (Wash). 2024 Oct 23:10.1177/10451595241291888. doi: 10.1177/10451595241291888

Table 1.

Participant Characteristics (N = 227a).

n (%) n (%)
Gender Employment
 Female 144 (64.0)  Not working 82 (38.0)
 Male 78 (34.7)  Working full time 47 (21.8)
 Transgender 1 (0.4)  Working part time 41 (19.0)
 Other 2 (0.9)  Student 27 (12.5)
Race  Retired 5 (2.3)
 African American/Black 49 (22.9)  Have disability 4 (1.9)
 European American/White 23 (10.7)  Volunteering 1 (0.5)
 Asian American 16 (7.8)  Other 9 (4.2)
 American Indian/Alaska Native 5 (2.3) Experience of houselessness
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 2 (0.9)  No 179 (81.4)
 Other/Mixed race 119 (55.6)  Yes 41 (18.6)
Latine Incomeb
 Yes 118 (53.4)  < $10,000 79 (45.9)
 No 103 (46.6)  $10,001 – 15,000 29 (16.9)
Sexual orientation  $15,001 – 19,999 14 (8.1)
 Heterosexual/Straight 164 (78.8)  $20,000 – 29,999 21 (12.2)
 Bisexual 9 (4.3)  $30,000 – 39,999 11 (6.4)
 Gay/Lesbian 13 (6.3)  $40,000 – 49,999 7 (4.1)
 Other 22 (10.6)  $50,000 – 59,999 9 (5.2)
Born in US  $70,000 – 79,999 1 (0.6)
 No 158 (70.2)  > $90,000 1 (0.6)
 Yes 67 (29.8)
Adult basic education program
 ESOL 74 (35.6)
 General education development 67 (32.2)
 High school credit diploma 56 (26.9)
 TOEFL 9 (4.3)
 National external diploma 2 (1.0)
Participant age M (SD) = 34.67 (13.96) years; Range of 17–81
No. of children M (SD) = 1.69 (1.76); Range of zero-7
a

Each variable contains different levels of missingness. Percentages reflect proportions of people who answered each question as follows: Gender (n = 225), Born in US (n = 225), Latine (n = 221), Experience of Houselessness (n = 220), Employment (n = 216), Age (n = 214), Race (n = 214), ABE Program (n = 208), Sexual Orientation (n = 208), Number of children (n = 180), and Income (n = 172).

b

No participants selected income brackets of $60,000 – 69,999 or $80,000 – 89,999.