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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 21.
Published before final editing as: Adult Learn (Wash). 2024 Oct 23:10.1177/10451595241291888. doi: 10.1177/10451595241291888

Table 2.

Analysis of Variance: History of Trauma (LEC-5 Logged; n = 141).

Predictor df SS MS f
Born in the US 1 15.92 15.92 19.38***
Sexual orientation 1 14.69 14.69 17.88***
Experience of houselessness 1 5.82 5.82 7.08**
Residuals 137 112.57 0.82
 Model Selectiona
Formulab Δ AIC
 Final modelc LEC ~ SO + BUS + EH 0.00
 Starting model LEC ~ A + G + R + E + SO + BUS + ABE + EH + LCR + Em + C + I 20.34
 Tukey’s Multiple Comparison of Meansd
 Factor levels Δ LEC (logged) 95% CI
 LGB – Heterosexual 2.94 (1.08)*** 0.57, 1.58
 Born in the US – Not born in the US 1.95 (0.67)*** 0.35, 0.98
 Experienced houselessness – Never experienced houselessness 1.63 (0.49)* 0.10, 0.88
*

p < .05,

**

p < .01,

***

p < .001.

a

Model selection was completed with a subset of 114 with complete data for all demographic variables.

b

“LEC” is the Life Experiences Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5), which was log-transformed (after adding 1 to each score due to the presence of zeros) to correct for non-normality. “SO” is sexual orientation. “ABE” is adult basic education program. “EH” is experience of houselessness. “A” is age. “G” is gender. “R” is race. “E” is ethnicity. “BUS” is birth in the US. “LCR” is length at current residence. “Em” is employment. “C” is number of children. “I” is income.

c

Final Model Multiple R2 = 0.24, F (3, 137) = 14.78***.

d

Difference is shown in original LEC units and logged LEC units used in the analysis.