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. 2025 Jul 14;207(8):e00159-25. doi: 10.1128/jb.00159-25

Fig 1.

Phylogenetic tree and bar plots depict distribution of Nichols-like and SS14-like strains across Lilongwe, Guangzhou, and Cali. SS14-like strains dominate all sites. Subclade diversity varies by region, with highest strain counts observed in Lilongwe.

Distribution of the 186 strains within our cohort according to their subclades and sites. (A) Recombination-masked TPA whole-genome phylogeny demonstrated that SS14-lineage strains were predominant within our cohort. Strains were assigned to eight distinct TPA subclades: five Nichols (Nichols A, B, C, E, and Y) and three SS14 (SS14 Omega A, B, and C). (B) Similar proportions of Nichols- and SS14-lineage strains were found in Lilongwe and Guangzhou (~81.1%), but a lower (68.7%) in Cali. (C and D) All TPA subclades exhibited a high degree of geographic restriction.