Table 2.

Subgroup analysis for DSME intervention

Variables	No. of studies	Mean HbA1c reduction	95% CI	Heterogeneity across studies	Test of subgroup difference
Format					P = 0.82
Group-based	8	−0.87	−1.37 to −0.37	I2 = 97%, P = 0.01
Individual	4	−0.80	−1.10 to −0.50	I2 = 19%, P = 0.29
DSM domain					P = 0.10
Multiple	14	−1.06	−1.59 to −0.54	I2 = 96%, P = 0.01
One	3	−0.61	−0.74 to −0.48	I2 = 0%, P = 0.69
Follow-up period					P = 0.56
≤ 6 months	10	−1.13	−1.82 to −0.43	I2 = 95%, P = 0.01
> 6 months	7	−0.88	−1.32 to −0.44	I2 = 97%, P = 0.01
Attrition rate
< 20	9	−1.44	−2.12 to −0.75	I2 = 98%, P = 0.01	P = 0.01
≥ 20	5	−0.33	−0.56 to −0.10	I2 = 0%, P = 0.77
Africa region
Sub-Saharan	14	−0.88	−1.18 to −0.57	I2 = 95%, P = 0.01	P = 0.51
North	3	−1.62	−3.80 to 0.56	I2 = 98%, P = 0.01