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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Signal Inf Process Netw. 2025 May 26;11:641–654. doi: 10.1109/tsipn.2025.3572698

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Graph Laplacian learning with Exponential Family Noise (GLEN). A. Diagram showing how GLEN jointly optimizes the unknown graph G and the unknown latent smooth representation Y given observations X. GLEN alternates these two steps: (i) a graph learning step that infers G from current Y estimation and (ii) a denoising step that smooths binary observations X using the current G to obtain new Y. Each of the M columns of Y (the red vertical waveform) is a smooth graph signal over N nodes. B. Example of a Bernoulli graph signal x. A solid blue bar indicates a 1 and an empty bar indicates a 0. C. Example of a smooth graph signal y underlying the noisy Poisson observations. D. Example of temporally correlated smooth graph signals.