Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Signal Inf Process Netw. 2025 May 26;11:641–654. doi: 10.1109/tsipn.2025.3572698
Algorithm 1 GLEN
Input:noisy signalsX=[x1,x2,…,xM],exponentialfamily distribution𝒫,trade-off parametersα1,α2,andγ,stepsizeρandλOutput:graph LaplacianL,smooth signal representationY=[y1,y2,…,yM]InitializeYandL,orY,L,andμif using the offsetrepeatSolveLin(17)using gradient descentforj=1,2,…,MdoCalculate∇yjand∇yj2as in(20)and(21),(or(39)and(40)when using time-vertex signals)SolveΔyjfrom(22)and updateyjas in(23)endforUpdateμas in(33)if using the offsetCalculate the loss using(16)untilconvergence.