Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatry Res. 2025 Mar 30;348:116477. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116477

Table 3.

Adjusted Mean T-Test Results Between Propensity-Matched Civilian PTSD and Non-PTSD

Population
PTSD Non-PTSD Absolute Mean Difference p-value
Outpatient Visits* 16.43 10.30 6.13 < .001
Inpatient Visits* 0.86 0.49 0.37 0.09
Emergency Room Visits* 0.57 0.29 0.28 < .001
Ambulatory Visits* 0.46 0.29 0.17 0.15
Other Visits* 0.91 0.80 0.11 0.41
Diagnosed Conditions 0.90 0.59 0.31 < .001
Psychotherapy Visits* 2.18 0.57 1.61 < .001
Rate Health 2.66 3.12 0.46 < .001
Rate Quality of Life 2.97 3.43 0.46 < .001
Rate Physical 2.62 3.01 0.39 < .001
Rate Mental 2.71 3.13 0.42 < .001
Rate Social Satisfaction 2.78 3.19 0.41 < .001
Average Pain 5.48 4.19 1.29 < .001
Average Fatigue 2.89 2.55 0.34 < .001
Emotional Problems 3.30 2.87 0.43 < .001
*

Visits with N/A replaced with a 0 to account for non-utilizers in the mean calculation

Note. Variables were coded as follows: 1 (Present); Outpatient Visits, Inpatient Visits, Emergency Room visits, Ambulatory Visits, Other Visits: Mean number of visits in 2019; Diagnosed Conditions ranging from 0 to 12 for the existence of additional diagnoses; Rate Health, Rate QoL, Rate Physical, Rate Mental, Rate Social: 1 (Poor) to 5 (Excellent); Average Pain: 0 to 10 for increasing level of pain; Average Fatigue: 1 (None) to 5 (Very Severe); Emotional Problems: 1 (Never) to 5 (Always).