Table 3.
GRADE profile for the effects of probiotics and synbiotics supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults with prediabetes
| Outcomes | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication Bias | Quality of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | Serious limitation 2 |
⊕⊕◯◯ Moderate |
| TC | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
| LDL-C | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
| HDL-C | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕⊕ Very High |
| FBG | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
| FI | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
| HbA1c | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕⊕ Very High |
| HOMA-IR | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
| SBP | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
| DBP | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | Serious limitation 2 |
⊕⊕◯◯ Moderate |
| BW | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
| BMI | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | No serious limitation | Serious limitation 1 | No serious limitation |
⊕⊕⊕◯ High |
TG Triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FBG fasting blood glucose, FI fasting insulin, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BW body weight, BMI, and body mass index
1. There is no significant effect of probiotics and symbiotics
2. There is a significant publication bias