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. 2025 Aug 21;11:95. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00887-w

Table 3.

Summarized study characteristics comparing changes in maximal voluntary concentric (MVCCON), eccentric (MVCECC) and isometric (MVCECC) strength between eccentric and concentric training protocols

Subgroup variable Category n Studies (outcomesa) Outcomesa (%)
Sex Only men 5 (9) 45
Only women 2 (5) 25
Mixed sample 4 (6) 30
Status Untrained 2 (5) 25
Moderately 8 (14) 70
Not reported 1 (1) 5
Muscle All lower body 8 (15) 75
lower body Knee extensors 8 (13) 87
Knee flexors 1 (2) 13
Muscle All upper body 3 (5) 25
upper body Elbow flexors 2 (4) 80
Shoulder abductors 1 (1) 20
Isokinetic training 30 3 (7) 35
velocity (°/s) 45 1 (1) 5
60 5 (5) 25
90 2 (3) 15
Velocity spectrumb 1 (4) 20

aNumber of comparisons between eccentric-only and concentric-only training results

bVelocity spectrum pyramidal ordering concept training