. 2025 Aug 21;15:30760. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10636-4

Table 6.

Changes in content of the 3,4-DCQA, 3,5-DCQA, and 4,5-DCQA according to extraction by solvent ratio and region.

Compound Name	Solvent ratio (%)	Concentration (ug/mL)
3,4-DCQA	100	400.93 ± 0.74 ^E	799.18 ± 0.49 ^A	782.42 ± 0.58 ^C	929.38 ± 0.99 ^B	194.01 ± 0.72 ^D
70	694.71 ± 1.05^E	1675.84 ± 1.26 ^A	894.37 ± 0.67 ^C	1914.76 ± 1.23 ^B	300.77 ± 0.57 ^D
50	628.71 ± 0.69 ^E	1876.16 ± 1.18 ^A	952.01 ± 1.08 ^C	2152.28 ± 2.05 ^B	381.56 ± 0.41 ^D
3,5-DCQA	100	347.1160 ± 0.2238 ^E	532.2904 ± 0.9027 ^C	320.7918 ± 0.4125 ^A	495.30 ± 0.55 ^D	171.64 ± 0.49 ^B
70	637.3278 ± 1.1169 ^E	995.4297 ± 0.5177 ^C	550.6090 ± 0.4755 ^A	987.99 ± 0.70 ^D	373.13 ± 0.52 ^B
50	1147.2962 ± 0.9989 ^E	1706.0361 ± 1.1197 ^C	1070.2532 ± 0.5016 ^A	1470.61 ± 1.07 ^D	843.39 ± 0.78 ^B
4,5-DCQA	100	180.36 ± 0.6340 ^E	304.43 ± 0.4813 ^A	213.68 ± 0.40 ^C	338.26 ± 0.46^B	86.76 ± 0.44 ^D
70	749.18 ± 0.4227 ^E	950.79 ± 0.38 ^C	705.77 ± 0.75 ^A	1179.49 ± 0.85 ^B	435.07 ± 0.35 ^D
50	1044.93 ± 0.96 ^E	988.96 ± 0.90 ^C	927.41 ± 0.73 ^B	1125.37 ± 0.69 ^A	466.12 ± 0.67 ^D

Compound Name

Solvent ratio (%)

Concentration (ug/mL)

Hamyang

Hoengseong

Jeongseon

Nonsan

Yangsan

3,4-DCQA

100

400.93 ±

0.74 ^E

799.18 ±

0.49 ^A

782.42 ±

0.58 ^C

929.38 ±

0.99 ^B

194.01 ±

0.72 ^D

694.71 ±

1.05^E

1675.84 ±

1.26 ^A

894.37 ±

0.67 ^C

1914.76 ±

1.23 ^B

300.77 ±

0.57 ^D

628.71 ±

0.69 ^E

1876.16 ±

1.18 ^A

952.01 ±

1.08 ^C

2152.28 ±

2.05 ^B

381.56 ±

0.41 ^D

3,5-DCQA

100

347.1160 ± 0.2238 ^E

532.2904 ± 0.9027 ^C

320.7918 ± 0.4125 ^A

495.30 ±

0.55 ^D

171.64 ±

0.49 ^B

637.3278 ± 1.1169 ^E

995.4297 ± 0.5177 ^C

550.6090 ± 0.4755 ^A

987.99 ±

0.70 ^D

373.13 ±

0.52 ^B

1147.2962 ± 0.9989 ^E

1706.0361 ± 1.1197 ^C

1070.2532 ± 0.5016 ^A

1470.61 ±

1.07 ^D

843.39 ±

0.78 ^B

4,5-DCQA

100

180.36 ± 0.6340 ^E

304.43 ±

0.4813 ^A

213.68 ±

0.40 ^C

338.26 ±

0.46^B

86.76 ±

0.44 ^D

749.18 ± 0.4227 ^E

950.79 ±

0.38 ^C

705.77 ±

0.75 ^A

1179.49 ±

0.85 ^B

435.07 ±

0.35 ^D

1044.93 ±

0.96 ^E

988.96 ±

0.90 ^C

927.41 ±

0.73 ^B

1125.37 ±

0.69 ^A

466.12

± 0.67 ^D

Solvent; DW (with Ethanol), (n = 5), All values are mean ± SD (n = 3). A-E Means with different superscripts in the same row were significantly different at p < 0.05 using Duncan’s multiple range test. Also tested based on superscript A in the same row.