Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics according to anxiety disorder conditions
| Name | Levels | Non-PD(n = 428,400) | PD (n = 4154) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | Mean ± SD | 71.91 ± 8.06 | 78.66 ± 5.44 | <0.001 |
| Sex | Female | 238,579 (55.7%) | 1562 (37.6%) | <0.001 |
| Male | 189,821 (44.3%) | 2592 (62.4%) | ||
| Ethnicity | Non-white | 22,171 (5.2%) | 139 (3.3%) | <0.001 |
| White | 406,229 (94.8%) | 4015 (96.7%) | ||
| Education | College | 144,375 (33.7%) | 1207 (29.1%) | <0.001 |
| Non-College | 284,025 (66.3%) | 2947 (70.9%) | ||
| Alcohol intake | 0 | 79,790 (18.6%) | 977 (23.5%) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 48,396 (11.3%) | 384 (9.2%) | ||
| 2 | 111,936 (26.1%) | 993 (23.9%) | ||
| 3 | 101,396 (23.7%) | 887 (21.4%) | ||
| 4 | 86,882 (20.3%) | 913 (22%) | ||
| Smoking status | Never | 241,042 (56.3%) | 2262 (54.5%) | <0.001 |
| Previous | 145,858 (34%) | 1632 (39.3%) | ||
| Current | 41,500 (9.7%) | 260 (6.3%) | ||
| BMI | <18.5 | 2049 (0.5%) | 20 (0.5%) | <0.001 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 138,418 (32.3%) | 1123 (27%) | ||
| 25–29.9 | 184,694 (43.1%) | 1943 (46.8%) | ||
| >30 | 103,239 (24.1%) | 1068 (25.7%) | ||
| TDI | Mean ± SD | −1.40 ± 3.03 | −1.51 ± 3.00 | 0.017 |
| PRS | Mean ± SD | −0.14 ± 1.02 | 0.25 ± 1.02 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | Yes | 125,648 (29.3%) | 2224 (53.5%) | <0.001 |
| Coffee intake | 0 | 94,129 (22%) | 844 (20.3%) | 1.000 |
| 0–2 | 198,647 (46.4%) | 1999 (48.1%) | ||
| 2–4 | 88,716 (20.7%) | 866 (20.8%) | ||
| >4 | 46,908 (10.9%) | 445 (10.7%) | ||
| Migraine | Yes | 23,999 (5.6%) | 173 (4.2%) | <0.001 |
| Depression | Yes | 50,583 (11.8%) | 975 (23.5%) | <0.001 |
| Sleep disorder | Yes | 16,526 (3.9%) | 361 (8.7%) | <0.001 |
| GAD | Yes | 33,461 (7.8%) | 685 (16.5%) | <0.001 |
| PAD | Yes | 3726 (0.9%) | 49 (1.2%) | 0.040 |
| OCD | Yes | 786 (0.2%) | 24 (0.6%) | <0.001 |
| PTSD | Yes | 462 (0.1%) | 10 (0.2%) | 0.019 |
Alcohol intake: 0: Never drink or only drink on special occasions; 1: 1–3 times a month; 2: 1–2 times a week; 3: 3–4 times a week; 4: every day or almost every day.
Coffee intake: 0: No coffee; 0–2: 0–2 cups a day (including 2 cups but not including 0 cups); 2–4: 2–4 cups a day (including 4 cups but not including 2 cups); >4: more than 4 cups a day.
BMI body mass index, TDI townsend deprivation index, PRS polygenic risk score, GAD generalised anxiety disorder, PAD phobic anxiety disorders, OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder, PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder.