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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30757. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14717-2

Table 2.

Optimizing the reaction conditions for the C–O coupling between 4-chlorophenol and iodobenzene.

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Entry Cat. (mg) Solvent Base Temperature (˚C) Time (min) Yield (%)
1 – EtOH KOH Reflux 1 day N. R
2 5 EtOH KOH Reflux 30 41
3 7 EtOH KOH Reflux 30 69
4 10 EtOH KOH Reflux 30 85
5 20 EtOH KOH Reflux 30 98
6 25 EtOH KOH Reflux 30 98
7 20 H2O KOH Reflux 30 45
8 20 CH3CN KOH Reflux 30 56
9 20 PEG-400 KOH 120 30 75
10 20 DMSO KOH Reflux 30 89
11 20 DMF KOH Reflux 30 94
12 20 EtOH K2CO3 Reflux 30 90
13 20 EtOH NaOH Reflux 30 N.R
14 20 EtOH Na2CO3 Reflux 30 45