Table 1.

Key contents, methods, research findings, and limitations of related studies.

Research authors	Research topic	Research method	Research findings	Limitations
Wang et al.17	LEO Satellite Navigation Resource Allocation Based on DP	DP	Efficiently solved subproblems such as ground station deployment and task scheduling	Limited applicability due to combinatorial explosion in high-dimensional mixed continuous-discrete design problems
Wang et al.18	Multi-layer LEO Constellation Optimization Using D-NSDE	D-NSDE	Demonstrated good convergence and Pareto front exploration in MOO	Insufficient adaptation to strong dynamic constraints such as orbital perturbations
Tao et al.19	Joint Optimization of Altitude and Beamwidth for IoT-Oriented LEO Constellations	Hybrid optimization combining Genetic Algorithm and multi-objective heuristics	Improved system capacity and coverage effectiveness in IoT scenarios	Complex parameter tuning; algorithm stability dependent on initial settings
Huang et al.20	Optimal Design of Communication and Navigation Integrated LEO Constellations Using Genetic Algorithms	GA	Proposed an optimization strategy integrating communication and navigation	Lacked comprehensive consideration of dynamic factors like orbital perturbations and constellation robustness
Hong et al.21	Impact of Low-Earth Orbit Satellites on PPP Convergence Speed	Simulated the effect of 180 globally distributed LEO satellites on PPP convergence	Found that LEO satellites significantly improved PPP convergence speed, especially in single GNSS scenarios	Differences between simulation results and real-world applications require further investigation