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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30798. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16815-7

Table 8.

Constellation configuration parameters for the optimized schemes.

Scheme n Inline graphic S Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic Inline graphic
1 1 4 10 46.5° 40.1° 6 10 4 42.3° 22.4° 55.8°
2 1 4 9 47.1° 38.3° 5 11 3 48.3° 23.1° 24.5°
3 1 5 6 0 28.7°
4 2 7 10 4 67.7° 36.6° 81.4°
5 0 4 10 46.5° 40.1° - -

Scheme 2: Hybrid Walker-OCO Configuration.

In Scheme 2, the design combines a high-inclination Walker constellation with an OCO configuration. The specific parameters are as follows: