Table 1.
Clinical characteristics at immunotherapy Initiation.
| Characteristic | (n = 56) |
|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 61 (33–76) |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Male | 44 (78.6) |
| Female | 12 (21.4) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 20 (35.7) |
| Diabetes | 6 (10.7) |
| CVD | 8 (14.3) |
| COPD | 10 (17.9) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |
| Never | 18 (32.1) |
| Ex-smoker | 30 (53.6) |
| Current smoker | 8 (14.3) |
| ECOG performance status, n (%) | |
| 0–1 | 49 (87.5) |
| ≥2 | 7 (12.5) |
| Metastatic presentation type, n (%) | |
| Post-treatment metastatic | 36 (64.3) |
| De novo metastatic | 20 (35.7) |
| Site of metastasis, n (%) | |
| Liver | 10 (17.9) |
| Lung | 26 (46.4) |
| Bone | 21 (37.5) |
| CNS | 14 (25) |
| PD-L1 expression, n (%) | |
| <1 | 9 (18.8) |
| 1–49 | 22 (45.8) |
| ≥50 | 17 (35.4) |
| Previous chemotherapy, n (%) | 49 (87.5) |
| Previous radiotherapy, n (%) | |
| No RT | 27 (48.2) |
| Definitive RT | 22 (39.2) |
| Palliative RT | 7 (12.5) |
| ICI agent, n (%) | |
| Nivolumab | 43 (76.8) |
| Pembrolizumab | 13 (23.2) |
| ICI line, n (%) | |
| First line | 4 (7.1) |
| Second line or later line | 52 (92.9) |
| ICI combined with chemotherapy, n (%) | 8 (14.3) |
Abbreviations: CNS: Central nervous system, COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD: Cardiovascular disease, ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor, IQR: Interquartile range, PD-L1: Programmed death ligand-1. Note: PD-L1 level was available in 48 out of 56 patients. Percentages were calculated based on the evaluable cases.