Table 3.

Comparison of axial load carrying capacity of plain webs ⁴², unstiffened, and edge-stiffened circular holes.

Specimen	plain webs	Un-stiffened holes			Edge-stiffened holes
	PEXP	PFEM	PFEM/PEXP	Strength changes due to holes	PFEM	PFEM/PEXP	Strength changes due to holes
	kN	kN	–	%	kN	–	%
BU45-7-1	124	106	0.86	− 14.0	127	1.02	2.3
BU45-7-2	123	114	0.93	− 7.5	133	1.08	7.6
BU45-7-3	121	110	0.91	− 9.1	130	1.07	7.3
BU90-3-1	119	102	0.86	− 14.1	119	1.00	0.0
BU90-3-2	119	103	0.87	− 13.3	120	1.01	0.5
BU90-3-3	118	111	0.94	− 5.8	128	1.08	8.3
BU105-2-1	117	105	0.90	− 10.2	120	1.02	2.1
BU105-2-2	117	108	0.92	− 8.3	123	1.04	4.4
BU105-2-3	117	101	0.86	− 13.7	117	1.00	-0.4
BU60-7-1	123	119	0.97	− 2.9	121	0.99	−1.1
BU60-7-2	122	119	0.97	− 2.9	119	0.97	−2.5
BU60-7-3	121	106	0.88	− 12.5	118	0.97	−2.5
BU110-3-1	117	113	0.96	− 3.9	113	0.97	−3.3
BU110-3-2	118	102	0.87	− 13.0	113	0.96	−4.0
BU110-3-3	119	105	0.88	− 11.9	116	0.97	−2.6
BU60-3-1	116	104	0.89	− 10.7	111	0.95	−4.6
BU60-3-2	117	111	0.95	− 4.6	117	1.01	0.6
BU60-3-3	116	104	0.90	− 9.9	114	0.99	-0.9
Average			0.91	− 9.35		1.01	0.61
S			0.04	0.04		0.04	0.04