Table 4.

Comparison of axial load carrying capacity for plain webs ⁴², unstiffened, and edge-stiffened square hole configurations.

Specimen	plain webs	Un-stiffened holes			Edge-stiffened holes
	PEXP	PFEM	PFEM/PEXP	Strength changes due to holes	PFEM	PFEM/PEXP	Strength changes due to holes
	kN	kN	–	%	kN	–	%
BU45-7-1	124	106	0.86	− 14.0	126	1.02	2.1
BU45-7-2	123	113	0.92	− 8.0	132	1.07	7.3
BU45-7-3	121	110	0.91	− 9.0	130	1.07	7.0
BU90-3-1	119	102	0.86	− 13.8	118	0.99	− 0.9
BU90-3-2	119	104	0.87	− 12.8	119	1.00	− 0.1
BU90-3-3	118	112	0.95	− 4.9	127	1.08	7.9
BU105-2-1	117	105	0.90	− 10.2	121	1.04	3.5
BU105-2-2	117	108	0.92	− 7.9	120	1.03	2.5
BU105-2-3	117	106	0.91	− 9.3	111	0.95	− 5.4
BU60-7-1	123	106	0.87	− 13.3	122	0.99	− 0.7
BU60-7-2	122	119	0.98	− 2.3	119	0.97	− 2.8
BU60-7-3	121	120	0.99	− 1.4	118	0.97	− 2.7
BU110-3-1	117	110	0.93	− 6.6	113	0.96	− 3.6
BU110-3-2	118	101	0.86	− 14.5	114	0.97	− 3.5
BU110-3-3	119	109	0.92	− 8.4	116	0.97	− 2.7
BU60-3-1	116	113	0.97	− 3.0	111	0.95	− 4.6
BU60-3-2	117	113	0.97	− 3.4	118	1.01	1.5
BU60-3-3	116	105	0.91	− 9.3	114	0.99	− 1.1
Average			0.92	− 8.43		1.00	0.21
S			0.04	0.04		0.04	0.04