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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30784. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15779-y

Table 2.

Mixture proportions of ECC concrete with respect to binder ratio.

Cement Flay ash Fine aggregate Water HRWR admixture (%) Fiber (Vol %)
0.45 0.55 0.36 0.23 0.59 2.00

HRWR, high range water reducer.