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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30784. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15779-y

Table 5.

Details of the tested beams.

Designation No. Steel RFT (As) GFRP RFT (Af) Formwork shape
2G10-2S10-C 2 T 10 2 T 10  –
2G10-2S10-E50 2 T 10 2 T 10 (50 mm ECC bottom layer formwork)
2G10-2S10-E100 2 T 10 2 T 10 (100 mm ECC bottom layer formwork)
2G10-2S10-E150 2 T 10 2 T 10 (150 mm ECC bottom layer formwork)
4G10-E100  – 4 T 10 (100 mm ECC bottom layer formwork)
4G10-EU50  – 4 T 10 (U shape formwork)
2G10-2S10-EU50 2 T 10 2 T 10 (U shape formwork)

RFT, Reinforcement.

As is the steel reinforcement.

Af is the GFRP reinforcement.