Table 2.
Adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between prenatal risk factors and abnormal neonatal birth weight.
| Risk factors during pregnancy | LBW (n = 33,148) RR (95% CI) |
Macrosomia (n = 121,792) RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg) | ||
| < 18.5 (low body weight) | 1.58 (1.47, 1.70) | 0.40 (0.38, 0.42) |
| 18.5–23.9 (normal body weight) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 24–27.9 (overweight) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.93) | 1.88 (1.84, 1.92) |
| 28 (obese) | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93) | 2.79 (2.72, 2.85) |
| GWG (Chinese Standard) | ||
| Insufficient weight gain | 1.60 (1.40, 1.82) | 0.73 (0.67, 0.80) |
| Proper weight gain | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Excessive weight gain | 0.82 (0.75, 0.89) | 2.15 (2.07, 2.23) |
| HDP | ||
| Health | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Pregnancy complicated with chronic hypertension | 1.75 (1.59, 1.93) | 1.50 (1.42, 1.57) |
| CH Concurrent preeclampsia | 2.26 (1.83, 2.80) | 1.61 (1.41, 1.83) |
| hypertension of pregnancy | 2.21 (2.05, 2.39) | 1.37 (1.31, 1.42) |
| preeclampsia | 3.61 (3.18, 4.10) | 1.50 (1.38, 1.64) |
| Fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy | ||
| Glucopenia | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.86 (0.83, 0.90) |
| Euglycemia | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Hyperglycaemia | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 1.46 (1.43, 1.49) |
| Early pregnancy fasting urine sugar | ||
| The urine sugar is normal | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Urine sugar is high | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 1.67 (1.55, 1.79) |
| Hemoglobin in early pregnancy | ||
| Hemoglobin is too low | 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.86 (0.83, 0.88) |
| Hemoglobin was normal | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Folate supplementation in early pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Deny | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) |
| Assisted reproduction | ||
| Yes | 2.69 (2.24, 3.22) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) |
| Deny | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Exposure of teratogens | ||
| Yes | 1.17 (1.03, 1.32) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) |
| Deny | 1.00 | 1.00 |
LBW low birth weight, SGA small-for-gestational-age, LGA large-for-gestational-age, RR risk ratio, CI confidence interval.