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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30687. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15780-5

Table 3.

Comparisons of the changes from baseline of clinical and bladder diary parameters between the daytime and nighttime dosing groups (n = 109).

Variables 4 weeks 12 weeks
Daytime (n = 52) Nighttime (n = 57) p Daytime (n = 40) Nighttime (n = 46) p
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) − 1.2 ± 23.9 − 5.8 ± 17.0* 0.30 4.6 ± 39.9 − 10.0 ± 20.1** 0.07
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) − 3.1 ± 9.7* − 1.7 ± 10.5 0.51 6.0 ± 21.8 − 5.2 ± 17.3 0.03
Heart rate (beat per minutes) 1.1 ± 10.9 1.4 ± 14.4 0.90 7.3 ± 28.6 − 0.8 ± 18.6 0.20
USS (0–4) − 0.8 ± 1.3** − 0.6 ± 1.2** 0.56 − 1.1 ± 1.2** − 0.8 ± 1.2** 0.33
OABSS (0–15) − 2.2 ± 3.5** − 1.7 ± 3.2** 0.43 − 1.9 ± 2.9** − 1.7 ± 2.6** 0.76
OABSS Q2 (i.e., nocturia) (0–3) − 0.13 ± 0.71 − 0.35 ± 0.70** 0.12 − 0.40 ± 1.00* − 0.73 ± 1.28** 0.24
Voiding episodes (72 h)
 06:00–12:00 − 0.9 ± 4.1 − 1.2 ± 4.6 0.74 − 0.0 ± 4.3 − 2.0 ± 3.7** 0.06
 12:00–18:00 − 1.7 ± 5.1 − 0.1 ± 6.0 0.21 − 1.4 ± 4.1 − 1.8 ± 3.4** 0.69
 18:00–24:00 − 0.0 ± 3.9 − 0.3 ± 5.4 0.82 − 1.1 ± 2.9* − 1.1 ± 3.8 0.98
 24:00–06:00 − 0.1 ± 4.4 − 0.5 ± 4.1 0.70 − 0.8 ± 2.9 − 1.4 ± 1.9** 0.40
 All day − 2.8 ± 12.0 − 3.0 ± 11.6 0.95 − 4.2 ± 7.3* − 5.4 ± 8.7** 0.57
Urgency episodes (72 h)
 06:00–12:00 0.1 ± 2.4 − 2.1 ± 3.7** 0.003 − 0.3 ± 3.6 − 1.3 ± 3.4 0.32
 12:00–18:00 − 0.5 ± 3.4 − 2.0 ± 4.1** 0.09 − 1.2 ± 4.4 − 1.4 ± 3.4* 0.88
 18:00–24:00 0.4 ± 2.7 − 1.4 ± 3.0** 0.01 − 0.6 ± 2.4 − 0.6 ± 2.7 0.99
 24:00–06:00 − 0.1 ± 2.2 − 0.6 ± 2.5 0.19 − 0.8 ± 2.9 − 1.1 ± 1.6** 0.58
 All day 0.1 ± 8.5 − 6.4 ± 10.8** 0.005 − 3.1 ± 8.4 − 4.2 ± 12.0** 0.70
Incontinence episodes (72 h)
 06:00–12:00 − 0.0 ± 1.2 − 0.0 ± 1.6 0.82 − 0.1 ± 1.0 − 0.4 ± 0.8 0.24
 12:00–18:00 − 0.4 ± 1.4 − 0.1 ± 1.1 0.27 − 0.2 ± 1.6 − 0.1 ± 0.5 0.70
 18:00–24:00 − 0.4 ± 0.9* − 0.2 ± 1.4 0.50 − 0.3 ± 1.0 − 0.3 ± 0.7 0.92
 24:00–06:00 − 0.1 ± 0.9 0.2 ± 0.3 0.35 − 0.4 ± 1.2 0.0 ± 0.3 0.06
 All day − 1.0 ± 3.2 − 0.2 ± 3.8 0.38 − 1.0 ± 2.3 − 0.9 ± 2.5** 0.83
Nocturia episodes (72 h)§ − 0.63 ± 3.12 − 1.39 ± 2.64* 0.41 − 1.00 ± 2.53 − 2.25 ± 3.72 0.36
Fluid intake (mL/72 h)
 06:00–12:00 − 75 ± 645 34 ± 965 0.58 118 ± 919 − 95 ± 902 0.39
 12:00–18:00 − 75 ± 898 − 14 ± 965 0.78 46 ± 839 − 85 ± 926 0.59
 18:00–24:00 158 ± 731 − 227 ± 907 0.053 − 7 ± 529 − 245 ± 751 0.18
 24:00–06:00 − 106 ± 733 59 ± 559 0.27 − 136 ± 618 − 28 ± 329 0.42
 All day − 117 ± 2107 − 76 ± 2280 0.94 − 112 ± 1717 − 349 ± 1505 0.59
Total voided volume (mL/72 h)
 06:00–12:00 18 ± 1087 2 ± 862 0.94 234 ± 976 37 ± 914 0.43
 12:00–18:00 − 183 ± 1099 102 ± 1138 0.28 45 ± 833 − 46 ± 615 0.64
 18:00–24:00 30 ± 812 − 67 ± 1568 0.75 − 40 ± 837 − 1 ± 751 0.85
 24:00–06:00 272 ± 959 95 ± 904 0.42 83 ± 804 − 236 ± 627 0.10
 All day 136 ± 2473 213 ± 3179 0.91 421 ± 2186 − 325 ± 1928 0.17
Voided volume per micturition (mL)
 06:00–12:00 29 ± 95 43 ± 87** 0.51 39 ± 90 68 ± 70** 0.18
 12:00–18:00 − 3 ± 109 16 ± 103 0.44 25 ± 132 26 ± 62* 0.98
 18:00–24:00 − 23 ± 141 18 ± 156 0.25 8 ± 127 23 ± 58* 0.57
 24:00–06:00 56 ± 163 87 ± 193* 0.48 87 ± 151 24 ± 81 0.09

OABSS, Overactive bladder symptoms score; USS, Urgency severity scale.

By paired t test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

By paired t test.

Changes are calculated as the subtraction of pre-treatment values from post-treatment values, and expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.

§Only 16 women in the daytime group and 23 in the nighttime group have paired data about nocturia at 4 weeks. Only 11 women in the daytime group and 12 in the nighttime group have paired data about nocturia at 12 weeks.