Table 1.
Population demographics and etiology of hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (2017–2022).
| Demographics | Alcohol | HBV | HCV | MASLD | Others | UE | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-cirrhosis | |||||||
| Total, N | 3917 | 790 | 1285 | 573 | 521 | – | 7086 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||
| Female | 639 (16.3) | 261 (33) | 412 (32.1) | 333 (58.1) | 373 (71.6) | – | 2018 (28.5) |
| Male | 3278 (83.7) | 529 (67) | 873 (67.9) | 240 (41.9) | 148 (28.4) | – | 5068 (71.5) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 45 (37, 52) | 54 (44, 63) | 57 (49, 63) | 56 (48, 64) | 45 (20, 58) | – | 49 (40,58) |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | |||||||
| median (IQR) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 2 (1, 4) | 1 (1, 3) | 4 (2.5, 7) | – | 3 (2,5) |
| Average cost per hospitalization claim (USD) | |||||||
| median (IQR) |
156 (136, 257) |
217 (168, 325) |
216 (168, 302) |
168 (156, 217) |
216 (168, 325) |
– | 167.5 (155.5,276.4) |
| Cirrhosisa | |||||||
| Total, N | 30,184 | 4018 | 4731 | 7245 | 224 | 26,574 | 72,976 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||
| Female | 7498 (24.8) | 1103 (27.5) | 1290 (27.3) | 3597 (49.6) | 113 (50.4) | 8612 (32.4) | 22,213 (30.4) |
| Male | 22,686 (75.2) | 2915 (72.5) | 3441 (72.7) | 3648 (50.4) | 111 (49.6) | 17,962 (67.6) | 50,763 (69.6) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 52 (45,59) | 56 (48,64) | 56 (49,63) | 62 (54,69) | 13 (3,52) | 55 (47,64) | 54 (46,62) |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | |||||||
| median (IQR) | 4 (2, 6.5) | 4.5 (3, 7) | 4 (3, 6.5) | 4 (2, 6) | 3 (2, 6) | 3.5 (2,6) | 4 (2,6) |
| Average cost per hospitalization claim (USD) | |||||||
| median (IQR) |
331 (227, 785) |
785 (276, 843) |
785 (277, 843) |
276 (192, 730) |
276 (145, 438) |
276 (156, 730) |
276.4 (191.9,785.2) |
| Complication, n (%) (not mutually exclusive) | |||||||
| Variceal bleeding | 10,300 (34.1) | 1296 (32.3) | 1531 (32.4) | 2053 (28.3) | 110 (49.1) | 8204 (30.9) | 23,494 (32.2) |
| SBP | 5392 (24.3) | 785 (27.1) | 1020 (29.2) | 1477 (25.8) | 43 (23.6) | 5190 (26.2) | 13,907 (19.1) |
| Ascites | 7824 (25.9) | 1214 (30.2) | 1452 (30.7) | 2644 (36.5) | 44 (19.6) | 7822 (29.4) | 21,000 (28.8) |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 847 (2.8) | 140 (3.5) | 171 (3.6) | 264 (3.6) | 4 (1.8) | 783 (2.9) | 2209 (3) |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 7059 (23.4) | 844 (21) | 1022 (21.6) | 2031 (28) | 37 (16.5) | 5755 (21.7) | 16,748 (23) |
| Hepatic hydrothorax | 700 (2.3) | 103 (2.6) | 138 (2.9) | 227 (3.1) | 4 (1.8) | 635 (2.4) | 1807 (2.5) |
| Portal hypertension | 3834 (12.7) | 586 (14.6) | 661 (14) | 881 (12.2) | 86 (38.4) | 3194 (12) | 9242 (12.7) |
| Hepatocellular carcinomab | |||||||
| Total, N | 2557 | 8652 | 6313 | 3673 | 40 | 18,167 | 39,402 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||
| Female | 229 (9) | 1812 (20.9) | 1388 (22) | 1416 (38.6) | 10 (25) | 4658 (25.6) | 9513 (24.1) |
| Male | 2328 (91) | 6840 (79.1) | 4925 (78) | 2257 (61.4) | 30 (75) | 13,509 (74.4) | 29,889 (75.9) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 60 (54, 66) | 60 (53, 66) | 60 (55, 65) | 66 (59, 73) | 65 (59, 69) | 61 (54, 68) | 61 (54,68) |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | |||||||
| median (IQR) | 3 (2.5, 5) | 3 (2.7, 4.5) | 3 (2.5, 4) | 3 (2.5, 6) | 3.5 (3, 7) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2.3,5) |
| Average cost per hospitalization claim (USD) | |||||||
| median (IQR) | 1019 (782, 1381) | 1168 (1019, 1764) | 1192 (1019, 1381) | 783 (566, 1191) | 782 (782, 1019) | 644 (526, 1102) | 1019.4 (626,1353.7) |
| Treatment claim, n (%) (not mutually exclusive) | |||||||
| Surgery/resection | 44 (1.7) | 210 (2.4) | 97 (1.5) | 58 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 258 (1.4) | 667 (1.7) |
| RFA/local ablation | 367 (14.4) | 1411 (16.3) | 992 (15.7) | 431 (11.7) | 10 (25) | 1467 (8.1) | 4678 (11.9) |
| TACE | 1281 (50.1) | 4548 (52.6) | 3286 (52.1) | 1362 (37.1) | 29 (72.5) | 6564 (36.1) | 17,070 (43.3) |
HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; UE, Unidentified etiology; IQR, Interquartile range.
a134 patients with hepatitis C virus/ hepatitis B virus coinfection were excluded.
b280 patients with hepatitis C virus/ hepatitis B virus coinfection were excluded.