Table 1.

Materials used in this study.

Material	Type	Composition	Manufacturer	Lot number
Cavity Conditioner	Surface Conditioner	20% polyacrylic acid, 3% aluminum chloride hexahydrate, distilled water	GC Corporation (Tokyo, Japan)	1912051
Equia Forte HT (Shade A2)	Bulk fill conventional glass ionomer	95% fluoro aluminosilicate glass, 5% polyacrylic acid powder, reinforced with silicate particles, 25–<50% polyacrylic acid, 5–<10% polybasic carboxylic acid, 5–< 10% tartaric acid	GC Corporation	2306132
Equia Forte Coat	Low-viscosity nanofilled resin	40–50% methyl methacrylate, 10–15% colloidal silica, 30–40% urethane methacrylate, 0.09% camphorquinone, 1–5% phosphoric ester monomer	GC Corporation	2304111
Tetric N universal bond	Universal adhesive	Phosphoric acid acrylate, HEMA, Bis GMA, urethane dimethacrylates, Ethanol, filmforming agent, catalysts, stabilizers	Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein	Z04PGN
ACTIVA-Bioactive Restorative (Shade A2)	Ion- releasing Composite	A blend of diurethane and methacrylates with modified polyacrylic acid (44.6%), reactive glass filler (21.8 wt%), inorganic filler (56 wt%), patented rubberized resin (Embrace), and water	Pulpdent, Corporation, Watertown, MA, USA	230831