Table 1.
Demographics, Disease Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Spinal Cord Hemangioblastoma by Race.
| Total (N = 716) No. (%) |
White (N = 599) No. (%) |
Black (N = 88) No. (%) |
Asian (N = 29) No. (%) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 49.4 (15.9) | 50.2 (16.0) | 46.6 (14.8) | 42.6 (14.1) | 0.009 |
| Sex | 0.184 | ||||
| Female | 344 (48.0) | 279 (46.6) | 50 (56.8) | 15 (51.7) | |
| Male | 372 (52.0) | 320 (53.4) | 38 (43.2) | 14 (48.3) | |
| Facility Type | 0.202 | ||||
| Academic/Research Program | 540 (75.4) | 445 (74.3) | 69 (78.4) | 26 (89.7) | |
| Community Cancer Program | 7 (1.0) | 6 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.4) | |
| Comprehensive Community Cancer Program | 104 (14.5) | 92 (15.4) | 10 (11.4) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Integrated Network Cancer Program | 65 (9.1) | 56 (9.3) | 9 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Insurance Status | 0.008 | ||||
| Private Insurance | 457 (63.8) | 390 (65.1) | 51 (58.0) | 16 (55.2) | |
| Medicare | 149 (20.8) | 129 (21.5) | 15 (17.0) | 5 (17.2) | |
| Medicaid | 70 (9.8) | 46 (7.7) | 18 (20.5) | 6 (20.7) | |
| Other Government | 9 (1.3) | 9 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Not Insured | 31 (4.3) | 25 (4.2) | 4 (4.5) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Median Income quartile | < 0.001 | ||||
| Highest | 323 (45.1) | 276 (46.1) | 32 (36.4) | 15 (51.7) | |
| High—Middle | 167 (23.3) | 147 (24.5) | 12 (13.6) | 8 (27.6) | |
| Middle—Low | 133 (18.6) | 116 (19.4) | 16 (18.2) | 1 (3.4) | |
| Lowest | 93 (13.0) | 60 (10.0) | 28 (31.8) | 5 (17.2) | |
| Residential Location | 0.796 | ||||
| Metro | 634 (88.5) | 529 (88.3) | 78 (88.6) | 27 (93.1) | |
| Rural | 6 (0.8) | 6 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Urban | 76 (10.6) | 64 (10.7) | 10 (11.4) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Distance from home to facilities, Mean (SD), miles | 53.2 ± 111.5 | 57.7 ± 119.9 | 28.8 ± 37.7 | 35.9 ± 59.1 | 0.053 |
| Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Classification (CDCC) scores | 0.043 | ||||
| 0 | 575 (80.3) | 490 (81.8) | 60 (68.2) | 25 (86.2) | |
| 1 | 90 (12.6) | 69 (11.5) | 18 (20.5) | 3 (10.3) | |
| ≥ 2 | 51 (7.1) | 40 (6.7) | 10 (11.4) | 1 (3.4) | |
| Tumor Size, Mean (SD), mm | 62.2 (72.5) | 62.6 (69.7) | 65.5 (96.2) | 42.6 (33.5) | 0.313 |
| Treatment | 0.432 | ||||
| Surgery alone | 623 (87.0) | 515 (86.0) | 81 (92.0) | 27 (93.1) | |
| Radiation alone | 17 (2.4) | 16 (2.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Surgery with Radiation | 76 (10.6) | 68 (11.4) | 6 (6.8) | 2 (6.9) | |
| Surgical Techniques | 0.551 | ||||
| Open | 386 (95.5%) | 311 (95.1%) | 57 (98.3%) | 18 (94.7%) | |
| MIS | 18 (4.5%) | 16 (4.9%) | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
| Na | 312 | 272 | 30 | 10 | |
| Extent of Resection | 0.206 | ||||
| GTR | 688 (98.4) | 576 (98.8) | 84 (96.6) | 28 (96.6) | |
| STR | 11 (1.6) | 7 (1.2) | 3 (3.4) | 1 (3.4) | |
| Duration from diagnosis to surgery, Mean (SD), days | 24.4 ± 55.0 | 23.8 ± 51.4 | 19.5 ± 40.1 | 52.0 ± 123.6 | 0.018 |
| Primary Site | 0.68 | ||||
| Spinal Cord | 705 (98.5%) | 590 (98.5%) | 86 (97.7%) | 29 (100%) | |
| Cauda Equina | 11 (1.5%) | 9 (1.5%) | 2 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Radiation Therapy | 0.172 | ||||
| Yes | 93 (13.1) | 84 (14.2) | 7 (8.0) | 2 (6.9) | |
| No | 616 (86.9) | 509 (85.8) | 80 (92.0) | 27 (93.1) | |
| Radiation Modality | 0.382 | ||||
| Photon | 60 (64.5) | 54 (64.3) | 4 (57.1) | 2 (100.0) | |
| Brachytherapy | 33 (35.5) | 30 (35.7) | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Total Dose, Mean (SD), cGy | 3968.0 ± 1740.3 | 3855.7 ± 1755.3 | 4890.0 ± 1571.4 | 4500.0 (NA) | 0.374 |
| Clinical Outcomes | |||||
|
Follow-up Time, Mean (SD), months |
69.0 (42.5) | 68.7 (43.1) | 72.7 (39.9) | 64.5 (36.8) | 0.598 |
|
Length of stay, Mean (SD), days |
5.6 (6.5) | 5.4 (6.3) | 6.5 (8.1) | 6.0 (4.3) | 0.333 |
| 30-day Readmission rate | 46 (6.4) | 34 (5.7) | 9 (10.2) | 3 (10.3) | 0.181 |
| Mortality rates | |||||
| 30-day | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.744 |
| 90-day | 9 (1.4) | 9 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.412 |
| 5-year | 63 (8.8) | 57 (9.5) | 5 (5.7) | 1 (3.4) | 0.289 |
| 10-year | 88 (12.3) | 82 (13.7) | 5 (5.7) | 1 (3.4) | 0.034 |
| Long-term | 94 (13.1) | 88 (14.7) | 5 (5.7) | 1 (3.4) | 0.019 |
GTR, gross total resection; STR, subtotal resection.