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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30806. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14247-x

Table 5.

Biofilm and anti-biofilm formation of tested pathogenic bacteria isolates treated with Sub (MICs) concentrations of ARLE.

Pathogenic bacteria isolates Sub (MICs) concentrations mg/mL
0.00 3.00 1.50 0.750 0.375 0.184
Biofilm formation O.D E. coli 1.12a 0.32i 0.54f. 0.62e 0.68d 0.72c
P. aeruginosa 1.25a 0.25j 0.49 h 0.52 fg 0.61e 0.68d
B. cereus 0.69d 0.02o 0.09n 0.12 m 0.19kl 0.21 k
S. aureus 0.85b 0.04o 0.08n 0.13 m 0.18 l 0.20 k
Biofilm reduction (%) E.coli 0 0.0 71.4 51.8 44.6 44.0 35.7
P. aeruginosa 0 0.0 80.0 60.8 58.4 51.2 45.6
B. cereus 0 0.0 97.1 87.0 82.6 72.5 69.5
S. aureus 0 0.0 95.3 90.6 84.7 78.8 76.5

Values with the same letter do not significantly differ from each other, according to17, at a 5% level.