. 2025 Aug 21;15:30750. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11788-z

Table 1.

Data collection on human–shark interactions 1980–2022 in New Caledonia.

Contextual factors	- Date (day of week [DAY]; month [MONTH]; year of human–shark interaction [YEAR])^10,13 - Season of human–shark interaction [SEASON], classified into two categories: summer (October to March) or winter (April to September)^10,13,27 - Time, sometimes approximate, of human–shark interaction [HOURTYPO], classified from 7 to 20^10,13 - Hour of human–shark interaction [MORNING], classified into two categories: before or after 12 pm^10,13 - Human–shark interaction location [ZONE])^10,28 - Human–shark interactions orientation, classified in two categories: leeward or windward [WIND]¹⁰ - Shark species [SHARKTYPE]²⁸ - Shark size [SHARKSIZE]¹⁶ - Most dangerous sharks [SHARKCAT], classified into two categories: the large sharks (tiger/Galeocerdo cuvier, bull/Carcharhinus leucas and white/SAF Carcharodon carcharias)²⁹ or others species
Victim characteristics	- Age of victim [AGE]^10,13 - [SEX](male/female)¹⁰ - Victim’s activity at time of human–shark interactions [ACTIVITY]. These activities have been grouped into four categories: practising a boardsport (surfing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, wing foiling, foil bumping), spearfishing, swimming, scuba diving^10,13 - Severity of injuries or material damage expressed as a score of severity [GRAV] (1 = material damage but no physical harm and/or slight abrasion injuries; 2 = minor bites requiring stitches; 3 = significant bites, injuring the ligaments; 4 = loss of a limb; 5 = death^30,31 - Human–shark interactions outcomes [INJURY], classified into two categories: fatal or non-fatal^30,31
Environmental factors	- Rainfall on day of human–shark interaction [RAINJ]^10,32 - Cumulated rainfall over the three days preceding the human–shark interaction[RAINJ3]^10,32 - Percentage of cloud cover [CLOUD]¹⁰ - Swell height [SWELL]^10,13 - Estimated seawater turbidity [TURB]expressed as a score (1 = clear; 2 = slightly turbid; 3 = turbid; 4 = highly turbid)^10,33 - Moon phase expressed as a score [SCOREMOON] (1 = first quarter or last quarter; 4 = full moon or new moon) with the hypothesis that the moon’s influence is at its maximum when it is full or new⁴. Full moon or new moon phases score 4 while first or last quarter score 1^34–36. The lunar cycle is divided into 4 phases of 7 days each, the full moon being considered as the period 3.5 days before and after the exact time. The same goes for other phases (first quarter; last quarter; new moon)

Contextual factors

- Date (day of week [DAY]; month [MONTH]; year of human–shark interaction [YEAR])^10,13
- Season of human–shark interaction [SEASON], classified into two categories: summer (October to March) or winter (April to September)^10,13,27
- Time, sometimes approximate, of human–shark interaction [HOURTYPO], classified from 7 to 20^10,13
- Hour of human–shark interaction [MORNING], classified into two categories: before or after 12 pm^10,13
- Human–shark interaction location [ZONE])^10,28
- Human–shark interactions orientation, classified in two categories: leeward or windward [WIND]¹⁰
- Shark species [SHARKTYPE]²⁸
- Shark size [SHARKSIZE]¹⁶
- Most dangerous sharks [SHARKCAT], classified into two categories: the large sharks (tiger/Galeocerdo cuvier, bull/Carcharhinus leucas and white/SAF Carcharodon carcharias)²⁹ or others species

Victim characteristics

- Age of victim [AGE]^10,13

- [SEX](male/female)¹⁰

- Victim’s activity at time of human–shark interactions [ACTIVITY]. These activities have been grouped into four categories: practising a boardsport (surfing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, wing foiling, foil bumping), spearfishing, swimming, scuba diving^10,13

- Severity of injuries or material damage expressed as a score of severity [GRAV] (1 = material damage but no physical harm and/or slight abrasion injuries; 2 = minor bites requiring stitches; 3 = significant bites, injuring the ligaments; 4 = loss of a limb; 5 = death^30,31

- Human–shark interactions outcomes [INJURY], classified into two categories: fatal or non-fatal^30,31

Environmental factors

- Rainfall on day of human–shark interaction [RAINJ]^10,32

- Cumulated rainfall over the three days preceding the human–shark interaction[RAINJ3]^10,32

- Percentage of cloud cover [CLOUD]¹⁰

- Swell height [SWELL]^10,13

- Estimated seawater turbidity [TURB]expressed as a score (1 = clear; 2 = slightly turbid; 3 = turbid; 4 = highly turbid)^10,33

- Moon phase expressed as a score [SCOREMOON] (1 = first quarter or last quarter; 4 = full moon or new moon) with the hypothesis that the moon’s influence is at its maximum when it is full or new⁴. Full moon or new moon phases score 4 while first or last quarter score 1^34–36. The lunar cycle is divided into 4 phases of 7 days each, the full moon being considered as the period 3.5 days before and after the exact time. The same goes for other phases (first quarter; last quarter; new moon)