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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30750. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11788-z

Table 2.

Comparison of the environmental conditions of human–shark interactions in New Caledonia before and after January 2008.

Variable p-value13 Average for human–shark interactions
before January 2008
Average for human–shark interactions
after January 2008

Time of human–shark interaction

(day of the week)1 [DAY]

0.917f. - -

Time of human–shark interaction (season)2

[SEASON]

0.408f. - -
Hour of human–shark interaction3 [HOURTYPO] 0.113f. - -

Time of human–shark interaction

(time of day)4 [MORNING]

0.119f. - -
Human–shark interaction’s location5 [ZONE] 0.001f. - -
Human–shark interaction orientation6 [WIND] 1.0 k - -
Shark type [SHARKTYPE] 0.1637f. - -
Shark size [SHARKSIZE] 0.7237w 2.70 m 2.80 m
Most dangerous sharks7 [SHARKCAT] 0.03f. - -
Victim’s age [AGE] 0.4213w 31 y.o 34 y.o
[SEX] 0.32 k - -
Victim’s activity8 [ACTIVITY] 0.0019f. - -
Human–shark interactions outcomes (severity score)9 [GRAV] 0.041f. - -
Human–shark interactions outcomes (fatal or not fatal)10 [INJURY] 0.368 k - -
Rainfall the day of a human–shark interaction [RAINJ] 0.2153w 2.6 mm 7.2 mm
Cumulated rainfall during the three days preceding a human–shark interaction [RAINJ3] 0.6553w 12 mm 10.2 mm
Cloud cover [CLOUD] 0.171w 37.8% 46.1%
Swell height [SWELL] 0.00028w 0.75 m 1.2 m
Water turbidity11 [TURB] 0.534 k - -
Moon phase12 [SCOREMOON] 0.435 k - -

1 Day of the week when the human–shark interaction occurred (Monday, Tuesday, etc.).

2 Month of human–shark interaction, classified into two categories: summer (October to March) or winter (April to September).

3 Hour of human–shark interaction, classified into periods of 1 h from 7 to 20.

4 Hour of human–shark interaction, classified into two categories: before or after 12 pm.

5 Human–shark interaction location (zone), classified into five categories: East, West, Loyalty Islands, Noumea suburban, Bays of Noumea.

6 Orientation of the coastline to the prevailing winds (leeward or windward).

7 Most dangerous sharks, classified into two categories: large sharks (tiger, bull and white) or other species.

8 Victim’s activity, classified into four categories: practising boardsports, spearfishing, swimming, and scuba diving.

9 Human–shark interactions outcomes (severity score), classified into five categories: 1 = material damage but no physical harm and/or slight abrasion injuries; 2 = minor bites requiring stitches; 3 = significant bites, injuring the ligaments; 4 = loss of a limb; 5 = death.

10 Human–shark interactions outcomes, classified into two categories: fatal or non-fatal.

11 Classified into four categories: clear, slightly turbid, turbid, highly turbid.

12 Classified into four categories: new moon, first quarter, last quarter, full moon.

13 The letter beside the p-value indicates the test used (w for Welch’s t test, k for the chi-squared test, f for the Fischer test).