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. 2025 Aug 21;10:58. doi: 10.1038/s41539-025-00350-1

Table 1.

Correlations between baseline WARP and other baseline measures

Measure 1 Measure 2 N Correlation 95% CI for ρ p-value
LiSN-S WARP 133 0.228 (0.060, 0.383) 0.008
TONI-4 WARP 136 0.171 (0.003, 0.330) 0.047
Digit span WARP 136 0.242 (0.077, 0.395) 0.004
Attention quotient WARP 128 0.290 (0.123, 0.442) 0.001
Age WARP 139 0.090 (−0.078, 0.253) 0.292
TONI-4 LiSN-S 133 0.224 (0.056, 0.380) 0.010
Digit span LiSN-S 133 0.044 (−0.127, 0.213) 0.614
Attention quotient LiSN-S 127 0.096 (−0.080, 0.265) 0.285
Age LiSN-S 133 −0.057 (−0.225, 0.114) 0.511
Digit span TONI-4 136 0.096 (−0.073, 0.260) 0.266
Attention quotient TONI-4 128 0.382 (0.223, 0.521) <0.001
Age TONI-4 136 −0.147 (−0.308, 0.022) 0.087
Attention quotient Digit span 128 0.052 (−0.123, 0.223) 0.560
Age Digit span 136 −0.080 (−0.245, 0.090) 0.356
Age Attention quotient 128 −0.149 (−0.315, 0.025) 0.092

LiSN-S listening in spatialised noise—sentences test, TONI-4 test of non-verbal intelligence fourth edition, WARP Wheldall assessment of reading passages.

Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).