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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30730. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14868-2

Table 9.

Actual and projected LULC of 2024.

LULC Category Actual Projected Accuracy Kappa value
ha % ha % ANN Validation
Agricultural land 1378.9 20.94 1299.4 19.75 78.25 86.48 78.38
Bare land 838.1 12.72 902.2 13.70
Build-up area 1247.1 18.94 1326.2 20.14
Vegetation 2396.8 36.4 2454.7 37.28
Waterbodies 724.13 10.99 702.5 10.67