Table 2.
Demographic characteristics and educational profiles between clusters.
| Cluster 1 (N = 21) |
Cluster 2 (N = 48) |
Cluster 3 (N = 46) |
Cluster 4 (N = 68) |
Cluster 5 (N = 13) |
Cluster 6 (N = 26) |
Cluster 7 (N = 19) | Effect size | P | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||||
| Females | 15 | 71.4 | 37 | 77.1 | 28 | 60.9 | 46 | 67.6 | 7 | 53.8 | 20 | 76.9 | 11 | 57.9 | 0.16 | 0.417 | |
| Males | 6 | 28.6 | 11 | 22.9 | 18 | 39.1 | 22 | 32.4 | 6 | 46.2 | 6 | 23.1 | 8 | 42.1 | |||
| Age | |||||||||||||||||
| Years (median; IQR) | 27.00 | 24.00–38.00 | 29.00 | 24.25–40.00 | 28.50 | 25.00–40.00 | 34.00 | 25.25–40.00 | 31.00 | 25.00–47.00 | 24.00 | 24.00–28.00 | 28.00 | 24.00–33.00 | 0.069 | < 0.001 | |
| Location | |||||||||||||||||
| Northern Italy | 16 | 76.2 | 25 | 52.1 | 20 | 43.5 | 44 | 64.7 | 8 | 61.5 | 17 | 65.4 | 9 | 47.4 | 0.17 | 0.268 | |
| Central Italy | 3 | 14.3 | 13 | 27.1 | 15 | 32.6 | 11 | 16.2 | 1 | 7.7 | 6 | 23.1 | 4 | 21.1 | |||
| Southern Italy | 2 | 9.5 | 10 | 20.8 | 11 | 23.9 | 13 | 19.1 | 4 | 30.8 | 3 | 11.5 | 6 | 31.6 | |||
| Profile | |||||||||||||||||
| RNs attending an MSN | 14 | 66.7 | 22 | 45.8 | 22 | 47.8 | 31 | 45.6 | 5 | 38.5 | 23 | 88.5 | 9 | 47.4 | 0.28 | 0.004 | |
| RNs with no ongoing university education | 7 | 33.3 | 26 | 54.2 | 24 | 52.2 | 37 | 54.4 | 8 | 61.5 | 3 | 11.5 | 10 | 52.6 | |||
| Work settings (n = 61 workers) | |||||||||||||||||
| Critical care | 1 | 4.8 | 8 | 16.7 | 5 | 10.9 | 9 | 13.2 | 1 | 7.7 | 2 | 7.7 | 3 | 15.8 | 0.16 | 0.363 | |
| Medical care | 4 | 19 | 11 | 22.9 | 7 | 15.2 | 12 | 17.6 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 19.2 | 8 | 42.1 | |||
| Surgical care | 7 | 33.3 | 10 | 20.8 | 11 | 23.9 | 17 | 25 | 4 | 30.8 | 4 | 15.4 | 4 | 21.1 | |||
| Primary care | 5 | 23.8 | 10 | 20.8 | 17 | 37 | 12 | 17.6 | 4 | 30.8 | 6 | 23.1 | 2 | 10.5 | |||
| Outpatient services | 4 | 19 | 9 | 18.8 | 6 | 13 | 18 | 26.5 | 4 | 30.8 | 9 | 34.6 | 2 | 10.5 | |||
| COVID-19 vaccine* | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 21 | 100 | 42 | 87.5 | 45 | 97.8 | 68 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 26 | 100 | 19 | 100 | 0.29 | 0.003 | |
| Number of COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters | |||||||||||||||||
| No boosters (unvaccinated respondents) | 0 | 0 | 6 | 12.5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.24 | < 0.001 | ||
| One booster | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10.4 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11.5 | 2 | 10.5 | ||||
| Two boosters | 10 | 47.6 | 21 | 43.8 | 6 | 16 | 23.5 | 2 | 15.4 | 7 | 26.9 | 9 | 47.4 | ||||
| Three or more boosters | 11 | 52.4 | 16 | 33.3 | 39 | 51 | 75 | 11 | 84.6 | 16 | 61.5 | 8 | 42.1 | ||||
The significance threshold for all between-cluster comparisons was adjusted using the Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing. The corrected alpha level was set at p < 0.005. Statistically significant p-values are shown in bold. Effect sizes are reported as Cramér’s V for categorical variables and η² for continuous variables, with benchmarks of 0.10/0.30/0.50 (small/medium/large) for Cramér’s V and 0.01/0.06/0.14 (small/medium/large) for η².