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. 2025 Aug 21;15:30741. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13294-8

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics for study variables with test of group means between face covering compliant and non-compliant individuals.

Not flossing daily (n = 126) Daily flossers (n = 102) p value
Possible range Observed range Mean (SD) Cronbach’s alpha Possible range Observed range Mean (SD) Cronbach’s alpha
Initiation Intention 0–4 0–4 2.11 (1.12) – 0–4 2–4 3.47 (0.73) – < 0.001
Participatory dialogue: advantages 0–20 0–20 14.71 (4.64) 0.91 0–20 0–20 15.41 (5.04) 0.87 0.337
Participatory dialogue: disadvantages 0–20 0–20 8.72 (4.70) 0.85 0–20 2–20 8.81 (5.32) 0.83 0.916
Participatory dialogue: advantages–disadvantages − 20–+ 20 − 20– + 20 6.03 (6.63) – − 20– + 20 − 15–+ 20 6.69 (7.60) – 0.570
Behavioral Confidence 0–20 0–20 11.75 (5.26) 0.93 0–20 4–20 16.76 (4.05) 0.91 < 0.001
Changes in the physical environment 0–12 3–12 8.12 (3.52) 0.95 0–12 4–12 9.92 (2.29) 0.89 < 0.001*
Sustenance 0–4 0–4 1.74 (1.21) – 0–4 0–4 3.41 (0.92) – < 0.001*
Emotional transformation 0–12 0–12 6.72 (3.29) 0.92 0–12 4–12 9.90 (2.50) 0.88 < 0.001
Practice for change 0–12 0–12 4.86 (3.10) 0.82 0–12 0–12 7.56 (3.26) 0.80 < 0.001
Changes in the social environment 0–12 0–12 6.63 (3.41) 0.84 0–12 0–12 8.58 (3.00) 0.83 0.001

*Estimates attained for significance testing are based on Welch’s t-test.