Figure 4.

Similarity between QST using structured measurements and the language model using words and characters. (a) Given a quantum system, a series of measurements are performed, each implemented many times, with every one-shot outcome marked as ‘0/1’. Those outcomes are gathered into frequencies that can be utilized to reconstruct the complete state (density matrix) of the involved quantum system. (b) Given an apple, characters are chosen to specify this object, which can be composed into words. Several words then finally specify a full sentence.