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. 2025 Aug 8;13:1630129. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1630129

FIGURE 2.

Bar graphs labeled a to f compare fold changes for various markers across four cell groups: DPSC, CD31-/CD144-, CD31&#+;/CD144&#+;, and HUVEC. Significant differences are marked by asterisks. CD31, VE-Cadherin, ENG, VEGFA, Ang-1, and Ang-2 levels vary, highlighting the highest fold changes for markers CD31, VE-Cadherin, and ENG in HUVEC, while VEGFA shows the highest in CD31-/CD144-. Ang-1 and Ang-2 have lower expressions except for notable peaks in CD31-/CD144-.

Expression of endothelial-specific markers in DPSCs derived endothelial cells. RT-PCR analysis was performed to assess the expression levels of CD31 (a), VE-cadherin (b), ENG (c), VEGFA (d), Ang-1 (e), and Ang-2 (f) in two distinct cell populations: a positive fraction enriched for CD31+/CD144+ endothelial cells, and a negative fraction lacking these markers (CD31−/CD144−). Gene expression results are presented as fold changes relative to unstimulated DPSCs. * Indicates p < 0.05 and ** indicates p < 0.01.