TABLE 1.

MenSC surface marker expression and differentiation potential, as compared to embryonic, BMMSC, ATMSC, UC/Wharton jelly MSC, amniotic fluid and placental MSCs.

Cell type	Positive markers	Negative markers	Differentiation potential	References
Embryonic stem cells	Pluripotency markers: SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2, GCT343, CD9, SOX-2, OCT-4, NANOG, TDGF, GABRB3, DNMT3B,GDF3 class I HLA	Mesenchymal markers CD44	All three embryonic germ layers: mesodermal, ectodermal, endodermal	Nagano et al. (2008) Quintanilla et al. (2014), Reubinoff et al. (2000), Asprer and Lakshmipathy (2015)
MenSCs	Mesenchymal markers: CD9, CD10, CD29, CD44, CD72, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 Pluripotency markers Oct-4, SOX2, NANOG, and SALL-4	Haematopoietic markers CD34, CD38, CD45, CD117, CD133 Endothelial marker: CD31 Antigen: HLA-DR Embryonic marker: SSEA-4 Immune cell marker: CD14, CD80 Cancer marker: CD117 Mesenchymal marker: STRO-1	Chondrogenic Adipogenic Osteogenic Cardiogenic Hepatocyte-like cells Glucose-sensitive beta like-cells Oocyte-like cells Keratinocytes Nucleus pulposus-like cells Myogenic-like Endothelial-like Respiratory endothelial-like Neural-like	Izanlou et al. (2023), Hojjat et al. (2023), Hu et al. (2014), Aleahmad et al. (2018), Rahimi et al. (2018), Mou et al. (2013), Sheikholeslami et al. (2021), Akhavan-Tavakoli et al. (2017), Meng et al. (2007)
BMMSCs	Mesenchymal markers: CD13, CD29, CD44, CD58, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106 CD146, CD166, CD271	Haematopoietic markers: CD34, CD45 Immune cell marker: CD14, CD19 Endothelial marker: CD31 Antigen: HLA-DR	Chondrogenic Adipogenic (brown fat) Osteogenic	Lu et al. (2023) Re et al. (2023)
UC/Whartton’s jelly-MSC	Mesenchymal markers CD29, CD44, CD51, CD56, CD73, CD90 CD105, CD146, CD166 Pluripotency markers: low levels of Tra-1-60, Tra-1-81, NANOG, OCT-4, SSEA-3, SSEA-4	Immune cell marker: CD14, CD19 Haematopoietic markers: CD34, CD45 Antigen: HLA-DR	Chondrogenic Adipogenic Osteogenic Epithelial-like Neural-like Hepatic-like Myogenic-like Cardiac-like Insulin-producing cells Oocyte-like cells	Wang et al. (2004), Margossian et al. (2012), Maslennikov and Maksym (2023), Sober et al. (2023), Toyota et al. (2021), Abouelnaga et al. (2022), Majore et al. (2011), Chen et al. (2016)
ATMSCs	Mesenchymal markers: CD9, CD10, CD13, CD73, CD29, CD49e, CD54, CD55, CD79a CD166 and ALCAM, CD44, CD144, CD90, CD105, CD146, CD106, (HLA)-ABC, CD271	Haematopoietic markers: CD45 Endothelial marker: CD31 Immune cell marker: CD14, CD11b, CD19, CD56 Melanoma marker: CD146	Adipogenic (brown fat) Osteogenic Chondrogenic	Yang et al. (2024), Rebelatto et al. (2008)
Amniotic fluid MSCs	Mesenchymal markers: CD29, CD 90, CD105, CD73, CD44, CD166 Pluripotency markers: Oct-4, SSEA-4, c-Myc	Immune cell marker: CD14 Endothelial marker: CD31 Haematopoietic markers: CD34, CD45, CD117	Chondrogenic Osteogenic Adipogenic Myogenic-like Neural-like Oocyte-like cells Keratinocytes Insulin-producing Hepatic-like Vascular endothelial-like	Shamsnajafabadi and Soheili (2022), Portmann-Lanz et al. (2006), Sober et al. (2023), Maslennikov and Maksym (2023), Toyota et al. (2021), Abouelnaga et al. (2022), Yu et al. (2014); Lan et al. (2020), Zheng et al. (2008), Markmee et al. (2017), Mu et al. (2017), Naeem et al. (2022)
Placental MSCs	Mesenchymal markers: CD105, CD146, CD29, CD73, CD90, MHC I, CD49a, CD105, CD106, CD13, CD166, CD146, HLA-ABC Pluripotent markers: SSEA-4, mRNA of Nanog, Sox2, Rex-1	Immune cell marker: CD14, CD40, CD80 and CD86 Haematopoietic markers: CD34, CD45 Endothelial marker: CD31 Antigen: HLA-DR BMMSC marker: CD271	Chondrogenic Osteogenic Adipogenic Myogenic-like Neural-like Cardiac-like Hepatic-like Insulin-producing Oocyte-like	Vellasamy (2012), Castrechini et al. (2010), Tran et al. (2011), Abumaree et al. (2013), Maslennikov and Maksym (2023), Sober et al. (2023), Portmann-Lanz et al. (2006), Toyota et al. (2021), Abouelnaga et al. (2022), Roberts et al. (2019), Chien et al. (2006), Sun and Ji (2009), Asgari et al. (2017)