TABLE 2.
MenSCs secreted proteins and comparison to other types of MSCs.
| Family | Factors | Function | MenSC secretome comparison to other MSC types | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Family | EGF | Stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation | Not compared | Jiang and Wang, (2012) |
| Fibroblast/keratinocyte Growth Factor (FGF/KGF) Family | bFGF KGF |
MenSCs secrete more than BMMSCs | Alcayaga-Miranda et al. (2015), Ren et al. (2016) | |
| Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Family | VEGF, angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) | vascular remodeling and angiogenesis | No difference in secretion of Ang-1, BMMSC secrete more Ang-2 compared to MenSC No differences in secretion of SDF-1, VEGF between MenSC and BMMSC MenSCs had higher VEGF secretion than dental pulp MSCs in early passages |
Manshori et al. (2022), Jiang and Wang (2012), Li et al. (2023), Li et al. (2019) |
| Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) Family | TGF-β, Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) | Cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis | Not compared | Jiang and Wang (2012), Li et al. (2023) |
| Neurotrophin (NT) Family | Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), β-Nerve Growth Factor (β-NGF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), Neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), Artemin (ARTN), Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), Neurturin (NTN), Prospero Homeobox Protein 1 (PSPN), Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF), Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF) | Promote survival and differentiation of neurons | Not compared | Li et al. (2019) |
| Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) Family | HGF | Cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis | No differences in secretion of HGF between MenSC and BMMSC; MenSCs had a higher secretion than dental pulp MSCs | Manshori et al. (2022), Li et al. (2019), Ren et al. (2016) |
| Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Family | IGF-1 | Particularly muscle and bone growth and development | Not compared | Li et al. (2019) |
| Inhibitors of Apoptosis (IAP) Family | X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) | Suppresses apoptosis | Not compared | Li et al. (2023) |
| Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Family | Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 α (HIF-1α) | Cellular response to low oxygen conditions, involved in processes like angiogenesis and metabolism | MenSC secrete more than BMMSC | Manshori et al. (2022) |
| Thrombospondins Family | Thrombospondin-1, -2, and -5 | Play roles in angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and cell adhesion | Not compared | Li et al. (2023) |
| Interleukins (IL) | Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) | Involved in the inflammatory response | BMMSC secrete more than MenSC | Manshori et al. (2022) |
| Colony-stimulating Factor (CSF) | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) | Immune and inflammatory response, MSC mobilization and migration | MenSC secretion significantly higher than umbilical cord MSC | Meng et al. (2007), Kim et al. (2019) |