TABLE 3.
Comparison of EVs protein cargo from different sources of MSCs.
| Source of EVs | Method of EV isolation | Proteins | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MenSCs | Ultracentrifugation (UC) | N/A | Protein, ATP, RNA, enzyme, collagen, cadherin binding ECM organisation ECM-receptor interaction Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation Elastic fibre formation Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions GPER1 signaling Post-translational protein phosphorylation B cell receptor signaling pathway Positive regulation of cell motility L1CAM interactions Acute inflammatory response Basement membrane organisation Complement system Response to hormone/steroid hormone Humoral immune response ADP metabolic process |
de Pedro et al. (2023) |
| ExoQuick-TC | IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, Axl, IGFBP-6 | Inflammatory and Immune Response | Chen et al. (2017) | |
| Filtration/centrifugation combination | COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL6A1, COL6A3, COL12A1, LUM, ECM1, SPARC, TGFBI, PCOLCE | ECM and Structural Proteins | Marinaro et al. (2019) | |
| VIM, ACTN1, ACTN4, ACTA1, ACTB, FLNA, VCL, MYH9, TPM1, TPM4, PFN1 | Cytoskeletal and Structural Proteins | |||
| LGALS1, LGALS3BP, ISLR, SPON2, CLSTN1 | Cell Adhesion and Signaling Proteins | |||
| TIMP1, TIMP2, MMP2, MMP3, SERPINF1, CST3, A2M | Protease Inhibitors and Enzymatic Regulators | |||
| ALB, HPX, PSAP, NUCB1, PPIA, PPIB | Plasma and Transport Proteins | |||
| IGFBP5, IGFBP7, DKK3 | Growth Factor Binding Proteins | |||
| THBS1, C1S, C1R, NID1, PTGDS, TAGLN | Functional Proteins | |||
| BMMSCs | ExoQuick-TC® ULTRA EV Isolation Kit UC |
CACNA1G, CACNA1H, CACNB2, RYR1, ATP2C1, S100A8 | Calcium transport-related proteins |
McBride et al. (2021)
Pomatto et al. (2021) |
| UC | SCN4A, SCN10A, TRPM2 | Sodium-related channels | Pomatto et al. (2021) | |
| RPB1, MINA | Transcriptional regulators | |||
| CCL2, CSF3, CXCL1, CXCL9, IL-10 | Inflammatory and Immune Response | |||
| FN1, THBS1 | Extracellular matrix and cell adhesion | |||
| EPO, PDGFRA, NRG3, RET | Growth factors | |||
| LYN, TEC | Signal Transduction and Kinases | |||
| ALDOA, MAN2B1 | Metabolism and Enzymes | |||
| APOA4, NPTX1, POMC, MUSK | Neural and Neuroendocrine Function | |||
| ATMSCs | UC | ADGRB1, IL1R1, IL1RL1, IL2RB, LHCGR, PDGFRB, TNFRSF13C, TNFRSF8 | Receptors and Signal Transduction Receptors involved in cell communication, proliferation, immune response and immune cell activation |
Pomatto et al. (2021)
Xing et al. (2020) |
| ANGPT1, BMP5, BMP7, FGF10, FGF16, FGF18, GDF1 | Growth Factors and Developmental Proteins | |||
| C2, CCHCR1, CCL19, CCL28, CCL4, CSF2RA, CXCL2, LAG3, LTA, TNF | Immune system proteins | |||
| CLU, DKK4, MMP20, MUC16 | Extracellular Matrix and Structural Proteins | |||
| ALPP, CHI3L1, CKB, EPX, HRG, IAPP | Metabolic and Enzymatic Proteins | |||
| UBB | Ubiquitin-Related Protein | |||
| UCMSCs | UC | TALDO1, LDHA, ENO1 | Metabolism and Energy Production | Bi et al. (2022) |
| MARCKS, DSTN, CFL1, MSN, CDC42, NRAS | Cytoskeletal and Structural Proteins | |||
| YWHAZ, YWHAH, YWHAG, NAP1L1, EIF4A1, SRI, PRDX6 | Signaling and Regulatory Proteins | |||
| SLC44A2, SLC39A14, SLC1A5, RAB11B, TSPAN4 | Membrane and Transport Proteins | |||
| HSPAB, CNDP2, PPIA | Stress Response and Enzymatic Proteins | |||
| UC | FN1, EMLIN1, OLFML3, ITGA4 | ECM and Adhesion Proteins | Bi et al. (2022) | |
| CORO1A, DNMIL, FARP1 | Cytoskeletal and Structural Proteins | |||
| APOE, APOC3, PLTP, PYGB | Plasma and Transport Proteins | |||
| PRKAR28, PPPICB, GNAO, RABSA, NAPA | Signaling and Regulatory Proteins | |||
| JCHAIN, C4B | Immune System and Complement Proteins | |||
| UC | COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, EDIL3, ITGA6, ITGB1, ITGA2, ITGA2B, ILK, TLN1, FERMT3 | ECM and Structural Proteins | Bi et al. (2022) | |
| ACTC1, ACTN1, ACTR3, ANXA1, ANXA3, ANXA7, ANXA11, ARPC1B, ARPC2, CAPZA1, CAPZB, CNN2, FLNA, GAPDH, PGK1, PFKP, RAP1B, ROCK2, SRC, TPM4, VCL, WASF2, WDR1 | Cytoskeletal and Structural Proteins | |||
| CD9, CLU, CORO1C, FCGBP, LGALS1, LGALS3BP, SND1, STXBP2, TAGLN2 | Cell Adhesion and Signaling Proteins | |||
| A2M, ADAM10, SERPIND1, SERPINE1, SERPINE2, ITIH2, ITIH4, MME, C3, C1R, F13A1 | Protease Inhibitors and Enzymatic Regulators | |||
| A2M, APOA1, APOA4, APOB, APOC1, APOD, APOL1, CEMP, CP, FGA, F5, HP, Gc, HBA1 | Plasma and Transport Proteins | |||
| ADH5, CBR1, GAPDH, PFKP, PKM, PGK1 | Metabolism and Energy Production Proteins | |||
| ARF4, RAB1A, RAB7A, RAB14 | GTPases and Vesicular Transport Proteins | |||
| HSP90B1, STOM | Heat Shock and Stress Response Proteins | |||
| AP1B1, CAP1, CLTC | Clathrin and Vesicle Trafficking Proteins | |||
| HLA-A, IGHM | Immune System and Complement Proteins |