Figure 2.

Bulk RNA sequencing reveals genetic differences between female and male human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). (A) Heat map of hiPSC-CM gene expression from 3 independent experiments for all 6 hiPSC lines. A dendrogram at the top of the heatmap shows separate hierarchical clustering of male and female hiPSC-CMs based on gene expression patterns. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) plot showing separate clustering of male and female hiPSC-CMs, where each dot is one independent RNA sequencing replicate. (C) Volcano plot representing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between male and female hiPSC-CMs. (D) Volcano plot analogous to (C) with non-Y-linked genes highlighted on the volcano plot. (E) Dot plot showing enriched gene ontology (GO) biological process (BP) pathways from an overrepresentation analysis of the DEGs between the male and female hiPSC-CMs. The dot size indicates the number of genes linked to each enriched pathway, while the dot color reflects the statistical significance of the enrichment. (F) Hallmark gene set enrichment dot plot highlighting gene sets that are suppressed in male hiPSC-CMs compared to the female hiPSC-CMs. The dot size signifies the number of genes associated with enrichment, and the dot color denotes the level of statistical significance.