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. 2025 Aug 8;13:1509634. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1509634

TABLE 1.

Demographic parameters of the included participants with and without low back pain (LBP). For age and body mass index (BMI), mean values with standard deviation are given.

Asymptomatic participants (n = 208) Individuals with LBP (n = 104) p-value
Age (years) 40.3 ± 14.0 50.9 ± 13.2 <0.001 a
Sex (f:m) 115:93 62:42 0.545
BMI (kg/m2) 22.6 ± 2.0 23.1 ± 2.3 0.091
a

indicates statistically significant differences.