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. 2025 Aug 8;12:1623318. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1623318

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Copyright © 2025 Shi, Xin, Li, Ma, Yang, Li, Chahan and Guo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic tree depicting the evolutionary relationships among di..erent tick species, with branches labeled with location data and genetic identifiers. Colored segments on the right indicate species categories: Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma dromedarii, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, and Alveonasus lahorensis. Species are matched with corresponding images for visual reference, with some text highlighted in red representing specific sample data. Scale bar indicates evolutionary distance. — Phylogenetic tree of the COI gene for five tick species: H. anatolicum (PP886500), H. asiaticum (PQ669080), H. dromedarii (PQ669079), R. turanicus (PP971648), and D. marginatus (PP962438). Alveonasus lahorensis (MK318148) was used as the outgroup. The tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei + G + I model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates.