Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 7;14:e69686. doi: 10.2196/69686

Table 2.

Extracted smartphone data streams and their uses in mental health monitoring in each article included in the umbrella review (n=9).

Component Reference

Beames et al [7] Trifan et al [8] Choi et al [9] Qirtas et al [10] Yim et al [11] Leaning et al [12] Virginia Anikwe et al [13] Lee et al [14] Gopalakrishnan et al [15]

Hardware data stream

Accelerometer
(n=9)		 Physical activity Physical activity, sleep, and well-being Physical activity Physical activity Circadian rhythm Physical activity Physical activity and stress Mobility,
physical activity, and
sleep		 Physical activity and social activity

Barometer
(n=1)		 —a Physical activity — — — — — — —

Battery level
(n=4)		 — Sleep, well-being, and circadian rhythm Sleep — — Listedb — Social activity —

Bluetooth
(n=8)		 Social activity Circadian rhythm, sleep,
social activity, and
well-being		 Mobility and social activity Social activity Social activity Environment — Mobility and
social
activity		 Mobility and social activity

Camera
(n=4)		 — Well-being Listed — Listed — — — Social activity

Cellular network
(n=3)		 — Listed — — — Mobility — — Listed

GPS
(n=9)		 Mobility Circadian rhythm, physical activity, sleep, and well-being Mobility and physical activity Mobility, physical activity, and social activity Circadian rhythm

 Circadian rhythm,
environment, mobility, and physical activity		 Circadian rhythm Mobility Mobility, physical activity, and social activity

Gyroscope
(n=7)		 Listed Circadian rhythm, physical activity, social activity, and
well-being		 Physical activity and sleep — — Mobility Circadian rhythm Physical activity Physical activity

Humidity
(n=1)		 — — — — — — Well-being — —

Light
(n=9)		 Sleep Listed Sleep Listed Listed Environment and sleep Listed Sleep Sleep and social activity

Magnetometer
(n=2)		 — Physical activity and well-being — — — — Circadian rhythm — —

Proximityc
(n=1)		 — — — — — — Circadian rhythm — —

Sound
(n=8)		 Social activity Circadian rhythm, physical activity, sleep,
social activity, and well-being		 Sleep and social activity Sleep and social activity Listed — Circadian rhythm Social activity and sleep Environment,
sleep, and speech

Step countd
(n=6)		 Physical activity Physical activity Physical activity — — Physical activity Physical activity Physical activity —

Temperature
(n=2)		 — — — — — — Physical activity — Environment

Wi-Fi
(n=8)		 Mobility Circadian rhythm, physical activity, sleep, social activity, and well-being Mobility Social activity Listed Mobility — Mobility Mobility, physical activity, and social activity
Software data stream

App usage
(n=8)		 Listed Circadian rhythm, sleep, social activity, and well-being Social activity Social activity Mood Circadian rhythm,
mood, and social activity		 — Social activity Social activity and stress

Call and message logs
(n=9)		 Social activity Circadian rhythm, sleep, social activity, and well-being Social activity Social activity Mood Social activity Circadian rhythm Social activity and stress Social activity and stress

Screen
(n=8)		 Listed Listed Stress and well-being Listed Listed Social activity — Social activity and sleep Sleep

aThe data stream was not mentioned.

bThe data stream was mentioned but its specific use was unclear.

cProximity sensors are usually realized with an emitting infrared LED and a detecting photodiode [34].

dStep counts are usually derived by sensor fusion of multiple other hardware sensors. Modern smartphones are equipped with dedicated motion coprocessors to do this task in an energy-efficient manner [35].