Table 1.
Demographic characteristics (N=2456).
| Variable and classification | Values | eHealth use | P value | ||||||
|
|
|
With (n=1635) | Without (n=821) |
|
|||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 38.3 (8.9) | 37.7 (9.2) | 38.6 (8.8) |
|
|||||
| Age (years), n (%) | .09 | ||||||||
|
|
20-30 | 479 (19.5) | 293 (17.9) | 186 (22.7) |
|
||||
|
|
30-40 | 844 (34.4) | 572 (35.0) | 272 (33.1) |
|
||||
|
|
40-50 | 860 (35.0) | 581 (35.5) | 279 (34.0) |
|
||||
|
|
50-60 | 209 (8.5) | 144 (8.8) | 65 (7.9) |
|
||||
|
|
60-65 | 64 (2.6) | 45 (2.8) | 19 (2.3) |
|
||||
| Occupation, n (%) | .18 | ||||||||
|
|
Management or executive | 26 (1.1) | 18 (1.1) | 8 (1.0) |
|
||||
|
|
Company employee (full-time) | 979 (39.9) | 662 (40.5) | 317 (38.6) |
|
||||
|
|
Company employee | 111 (4.5) | 67 (4.1) | 44 (5.4) |
|
||||
|
|
Company employee (temporary employee) | 80 (3.3) | 58 (3.5) | 22 (2.7) |
|
||||
|
|
Public employee (excluding teaching staff) | 87 (3.5) | 54 (3.3) | 33 (4.0) |
|
||||
|
|
Faculty member | 89 (3.6) | 60 (3.7) | 29 (3.5) |
|
||||
|
|
Health care provider | 209 (8.5) | 123 (7.5) | 86 (10.5) |
|
||||
|
|
Professional | 7 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) |
|
||||
|
|
Independent business or self-employed workforce | 109 (4.4) | 80 (4.9) | 29 (3.5) |
|
||||
|
|
Part-time work | 759 (30.9) | 508 (31.1) | 251 (30.6) |
|
||||
| Region, n (%) | .30 | ||||||||
|
|
Hokkaido, Tohoku | 342 (13.9) | 213 (13.0) | 129 (15.7) |
|
||||
|
|
Kanto | 879 (35.8) | 605 (37.0) | 274 (33.4) |
|
||||
|
|
Tokai | 326 (13.3) | 44 (2.7) | 24 (2.9) |
|
||||
|
|
Hokuriku | 68 (2.8) | 205 (12.5) | 121 (14.7) |
|
||||
|
|
Kinki | 421 (17.1) | 281 (17.2) | 140 (17.1) |
|
||||
|
|
Chugoku | 137 (5.6) | 95 (5.8) | 42 (5.1) |
|
||||
|
|
Shikoku | 62 (2.5) | 45 (2.8) | 17 (2.1) |
|
||||
|
|
Kyuusyu, Okinawa | 221 (9.0) | 147 (9.0) | 74 (9.0) |
|
||||
| Educational status, n (%) | .11 | ||||||||
|
|
Elementary school | 34 (1.4) | 24 (1.5) | 10 (1.2) |
|
||||
|
|
High school | 494 (20.1) | 314 (19.2) | 180 (21.9) |
|
||||
|
|
Associate degree | 340 (13.8) | 241 (14.7) | 99 (12.1) |
|
||||
|
|
Diploma | 471 (19.2) | 297 (18.2) | 174 (21.2) |
|
||||
|
|
University bachelor | 1024 (41.7) | 693 (42.4) | 331 (40.3) |
|
||||
|
|
MSc or PhD | 93 (3.8) | 66 (4.0) | 27 (3.3) |
|
||||
| Annual household incomea, n (%) | .01 | ||||||||
|
|
<2,000,000 JPY (US $13,800) | 171 (7.0) | 98 (6.0) | 73 (8.9) |
|
||||
|
|
2,000,000-4,000,000 JPY (US $13,800-27,600) | 406 (16.5) | 263 (16.1) | 143 (17.4) |
|
||||
|
|
4,000,000-6,000,000 JPY (US $27,600-41,400) | 604 (24.6) | 415 (25.4) | 189 (23.0) |
|
||||
|
|
6,000,000-8,000,000 JPY (US $41,400-55,200) | 513 (20.9) | 329 (20.1) | 184 (22.4) |
|
||||
|
|
8,000,000-10,000,000 JPY (US $55,200-69,000) | 389 (15.8) | 257 (15.7) | 132 (16.1) |
|
||||
|
|
≥10,000,000 JPY (US $69,000) | 372 (15.1) | 272 (16.6) | 100 (12.2) |
|
||||
|
|
Missing | 1 (—b) | — | — |
|
||||
| Work style, n (%) | .02 | ||||||||
|
|
Day shift | 2252 (91.7) | 1513 (92.5) | 739 (90.0) |
|
||||
|
|
Night shift | 204 (8.3) | 122 (7.5) | 82 (10.0) |
|
||||
| Daily working hours , n (%) | .40 | ||||||||
|
|
<8 | 1908 (77.7) | 1262 (77.2) | 646 (78.7) |
|
||||
|
|
≥8 | 548 (22.3) | 373 (22.8) | 175 (21.3) |
|
||||
| Comorbiditiesc, n (%) | .06 | ||||||||
|
|
Without | 1934 (78.8) | 1269 (77.7) | 665 (81.0) |
|
||||
|
|
With | 521 (21.2) | 365 (22.3) | 156 (19.0) |
|
||||
| Women’s specific health problemsd, n (%) | <.01 | ||||||||
|
|
Without | 835 (34.0) | 437 (26.7) | 398 (48.5) |
|
||||
|
|
With | 1620 (66.0) | 1197 (73.3) | 423 (51.5) |
|
||||
|
|
Missing | 1 (—) | — | — |
|
||||
aAs of May 2025, a currency exchange rate of 1 JPY=US $0.0069 was applicable.
bNot available.
cComorbidities include hypertension, heart disease, atherosclerotic disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and chronic kidney disease.
dWomen’s specific health problems include menstrual symptoms and illnesses, premenstrual syndrome, cancers common in women (eg, cervical, uterine, ovarian, and breast cancer), pregnancy- and childbirth-related symptoms, menopausal disorders, mental disorders, insomnia, infertility, endometriosis, benign female tumors, blood flow disorders, anemia, gastrointestinal disorders, headaches and migraines, underweight status, nutritional disorders, autoimmune diseases, and pelvic floor symptoms and diseases.