Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with visual impairment participating in the E-nergEYEze intervention.
| Characteristics | Total group (n=51) | >80% of module steps completed (n=32) | <80% of module steps completed (n=19) | P value | ||
| Age (y), median (IQR) | 58.0 (53.0-65.0) | 57.5 (53.0-66.5) | 59.0 (52.0-65.0) | .91a | ||
| Duration of VIb (y), median (IQR) | 26.0 (14.0-47.0) | 20.0 (10.8-41.3) | 35.0 (19.0-51.0) | .14a | ||
| Education (y), median (IQR) | 12.0 (11.0-15.0) | 11.5 (11.0-15.0) | 12.0 (11.0-15.0) | .94a | ||
| Fatigue severity scorec, median (IQR) | 42.0 (37.0-47.0) | 43.5 (37.0-48.0) | 40.0 (36.0-44.0) | .13a | ||
| Sex (female), n (%) | 32 (63) | 21 (66) | 11 (58) | .58d | ||
| Best-corrected eyee, n (%) | .16d | |||||
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Blind | 11 (22) | 5 (16) | 6 (32) |
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Severe VI | 3 (6) | 3 (9) | 0 (0) |
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Moderate VI | 26 (51) | 15 (47) | 11 (58) |
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Mild VI | 11 (22) | 9 (28) | 2 (10) |
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| Eyesight (subjective), n (%) | .81d | |||||
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Blind | 2 (4) | 1 (3) | 1 (5) |
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Very bad | 21 (41) | 12 (37) | 9 (47) |
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Bad | 20 (39) | 13 (41) | 7 (37) |
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Fair | 8 (16) | 6 (19) | 2 (10) |
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| Ophthalmic conditionsf, n (%) | —g | |||||
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Maculopathy | 17 (33) | 12 (37) | 5 (26) |
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Retinopathy | 17 (33) | 9 (28) | 8 (42) |
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Optic neuropathy | 14 (27) | 11 (34) | 3 (16) |
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Anterior segment | 4 (8) | 2 (6) | 2 (10) |
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Otherh | 9 (18) | 4 (12) | 5 (26) |
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| Comorbidities, n (%) | .13d | |||||
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None | 28 (55) | 21 (66) | 7 (37) |
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1 | 13 (25) | 6 (19) | 7 (37) |
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≥2 | 10 (20) | 5 (16) | 5 (26) |
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| History of psychiatric illness, n (%) | 12 (23) | 6 (19) | 6 (32) | .30d | ||
| History of cancer, n (%) | 6 (12) | 3 (9) | 3 (16) | .55d | ||
| Hearing impairmenti, n (%) | 16 (31) | 10 (31) | 6 (32) | .64d | ||
| Work status, n (%) | .44d | |||||
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Paid work | 18 (35.3) | 13 (41) | 5 (26) |
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Volunteer work | 14 (27.5) | 7 (22) | 7 (37) |
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No work | 19 (37.3) | 12 (37) | 7 (37) |
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| Living alone, n (%) | 14 (27.5) | 6 (19) | 8 (42) | .07d | ||
| Optional module, n (%) | — | |||||
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“Improving sleep” | 37 (72) | 22 (69) | 13 (68) |
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“Work optimization” | 24 (47) | 14 (44) | 9 (47) |
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aDenotes P values for the Mann-Whitney U test.
bVI: visual impairment.
cFatigue severity score: severe fatigue ≥35 points.
dDenotes P values for the chi-square test.
eBest-corrected eye categories: blind: logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) >1.30 or peripheral vision loss (<10°); severe vision impairment: LogMAR 1.30; moderate vision impairment: LogMAR 0.52 to 1.00 or peripheral vision loss (<30°); central visual field impairment or homonyme heminopia; mild vision impairment: LogMAR 0.30 to 0.40 or peripheral vision loss (<45°); and no visual impairment: LogMAR ≤0.22 or quadrantanopia.
fPatients can have one or more ophthalmic conditions at the same time.
gNot available.
hOther ophthalmic diseases: uveitis, infectious, scleritis, nystagmus, albinism, microphtalmia, evisceration, enucleation, trauma, iatrogenic, and acquired brain disease.
iHearing impairment: subjective hearing being fair or bad.