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. 2025 Aug 7;14:e73656. doi: 10.2196/73656

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©Mohamad Motevalli, Clemens Drenowatz, Derrick Tanous, Gerhard Ruedl, Werner Kirschner, Markus Schauer, Thomas Rosemann, Katharina Wirnitzer. Originally published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research (https://www.i-jmr.org/), 07.08.2025.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Interactive Journal of Medical Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.i-jmr.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Forest plot showing the effect of guideline-based digital exercise interventions on body weight across 26 comparisons between digital exercise interventions and control conditions, using a random-effects model with Hartung-Knapp (HK) adjustment. Subgroup analyses are presented for comparisons with nondigital active controls (21 comparisons) and passive controls (5 comparisons), while the last model represents a pooled analysis of all studies (n=1709 intervention participants vs n=1712 controls). Each horizontal line represents a study’s 95% CI, with diamond shapes reflecting the pooled estimates. DPI: diet and physical activity intervention; En-Tech: enhanced technology; IC: intensive counseling; LIC: less intensive counseling; MD: mean difference; mHealth: mobile health; PC: personal coaching; PI: physical activity intervention; SP: smartphone.