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. 2025 Mar 21;13:815. Originally published 2024 Jul 19. [Version 3] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.144332.3

Table 4. Climate-smart agriculture practices adopted by smallholder farmers.

CSA Practices Frequency Percent
Ripping 32 9.44
Basin 61 17.99
Crop rotation 18 5.31
Crop residue 2 0.59
Alley cropping 9 2.65
Multi cropping 50 14.75
Contour ploughing 6 1.77
Compost 5 1.47
Manure field 11 3.24
Zero tillage 34 10.03
Bunding 2 0.59