Table 1. Independent variables of the study.

Variable name	Description	Measurement	Expected sign
Continuous variables
Age	Years of household head	Continuous	+
Household size	Household number of people	Continuous	+
Income	Household average income (ZMK)	Continuous	+
Fertilizer	Amount of fertilizer applied (kg)	Continuous	+
Education	Number of years in school	Continuous	+
Farmland size	Size of farmland	Continuous	-
Experience	Household head farming experience	Continuous	+
TLU	Tropical livestock unit	Continuous	+
Dummy variables
Sex	Gender of household head (1=Male, 0=Female)	Dummy	+
Information	Access to climate information (1=Yes, 0=Otherwise)	Dummy	-
Marital status	Household head if married (1=Yes, 0=Otherwise	Dummy	+
Credit	Household access to credit (1=Yes, 0=Otherwise)	Dummy	+
Extension	Access to extension services (Yes=1, 0=Otherwise)	Dummy	-