Table 2. Comparison of demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics with respect to duration of diabetes.
Categorical variables were presented as frequencies with percentages (n (%)). The Pearson chi-square test was applied to assess associations between variables across the groups. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
| Variables | Duration of Diabetes | |||||
| Group A, n (%) | Group B, n (%) | Group C, n (%) | Pearson chi-square | p-value | ||
| Gender | Male | 90 (64.3) | 36 (25.7) | 83 (59.3) | 49.277 | <0.001 |
| Female | 50 (35.7) | 104 (74.3) | 57 (40.7) | |||
| Socioeconomic status | Low | 22 (15.7) | 27 (19.3) | 20 (14.3) | 16.767 | 0.002 |
| Middle | 70 (50.0) | 84 (60.0) | 98 (70.0) | |||
| High | 48 (34.3) | 29 (20.7) | 22 (15.7) | |||
| History of dyslipidemia | Yes | 106 (75.7) | 116 (82.9) | 83 (59.3) | 20.572 | <0.001 |
| No | 34 (24.3) | 24 (17.1) | 57 (40.7) | |||
| History of hypertension | Yes | 97 (69.3) | 96 (68.6) | 94 (67.1) | 0.154 | 0.926 |
| No | 43 (30.7) | 44 (31.4) | 46 (32.9) | |||
| History of smoking | Yes | 66 (47.1) | 21 (15.0) | 42 (30.0) | 34.035 | <0.001 |
| No | 74 (52.9) | 119 (85.0) | 98 (70.0) | |||
| Therapy used | Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 65 (46.4) | 64 (45.7) | 34 (24.3) | 44.564 | <0.001 |
| Insulin | 44 (31.4) | 30 (21.4) | 30 (21.4) | |||
| Diet only | 8 (5.7) | 11 (7.9) | 31 (22.1) | |||
| Diet along with oral hypoglycemic drugs | 15 (10.7) | 16 (11.4) | 29 (20.7) | |||
| Diet along with insulin | 8 (5.7) | 19 (13.6) | 16 (11.4) | |||