Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohort.
| Parameter | Training cohort (n = 367) | Validation cohort (n = 158) | χ²/z/t | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical information | ||||
| Age (years) | 54.00 (45.00, 61.00) | 54.00 (45.00, 63.00) | -0.388 | 0.698a |
| Gender (n, %) | 0.377 | 0.539c | ||
| Female | 131 (35.7) | 52 (32.9) | ||
| Male | 236 (64.3) | 106 (67.1) | ||
| T2DM Duration (years) | 8.00 (2.00, 14.00) | 7.00 (2.00, 12.00) | -0.959 | 0.337a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.73 (21.85, 25.97) | 24.33 (21.88, 26.77) | -1.233 | 0.218a |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 88.00 (81.00, 96.00) | 89.00 (80.00, 99.00) | -0.661 | 0.508a |
| SBP (mmHg) | 129.00 (118.00, 144.00) | 130.00 (119.00, 142.00) | -0.661 | 0.508a |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.22 ± 11.99 | 79.91 ± 11.30 | -0.615 | 0.539b |
| Smoking (n, %) | 3.932 | 0.047c | ||
| Yes | 129 (35.1) | 70 (44.3) | ||
| No | 238 (64.9) | 88 (55.7) | ||
| Drinking (n, %) | 0.560 | 0.454c | ||
| Yes | 111 (30.2) | 53 (33.5) | ||
| No | 256 (69.8) | 105 (66.5) | ||
| WBC (109/L) | 6.53 (5.38, 7.78) | 6.60 (5.26, 7.99) | -0.318 | 0.750a |
| PLR | 129.32 (99.27, 157.95) | 118.67 (94.02, 159.35) | -1.167 | 0.243a |
| NLR | 2.39 (1.75, 3.29) | 2.31 (1.74, 3.15) | -0.716 | 0.474a |
| SCr (μmol/L) | 67.00 (55.00, 75.00) | 67.00 (55.00, 78.25) | -0.129 | 0.898a |
| UACR (mg/g) | 19.85 (11.30, 49.68) | 17.00 (10.60, 47.23) | -0.400 | 0.689a |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 105.20 (91.65, 117.60) | 105.56 (93.22, 117.92) | -0.500 | 0.617a |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.39 (3.67, 5.21) | 4.51 (3.83, 5.31) | -1.241 | 0.214a |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.57 (1.07, 2.69) | 1.74 (1.11, 3.10) | -0.779 | 0.436a |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.24) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.24) | -0.440 | 0.660a |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.62 (1.20, 3.21) | 2.72 (2.07, 3.34) | -1.034 | 0.301a |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.65 (7.58, 11.53) | 9.60 (8.08, 11.53) | -0.568 | 0.570a |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| LAD (mm) | 31.00 (29.00, 33.00) | 31.00 (29.00, 32.00) | -0.644 | 0.519a |
| LVEDD (mm) | 45.00 (42.00, 48.00) | 45.00 (41.00, 48.00) | -1.618 | 0.106a |
| IVSd (mm) | 10.00 (10.00, 11.00) | 10.00 (10.00, 11.00) | -0.179 | 0.858a |
| LVPWd (mm) | 10.00 (10.00, 11.00) | 10.00 (10.00, 11.00) | -0.520 | 0.603a |
| RWT | 0.43 (0.40, 0.45) | 0.44 (0.41, 0.46) | -1.840 | 0.66a |
| LVMI (g/m²) | 91.59 (81.18, 103.30) | 86.92 (78.99, 102.83) | -1.756 | 0.079a |
| LVEF (%) | 64.00 (61.00, 67.00) | 63.50 (61.00, 66.00) | -0.464 | 0.643a |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IVSd, Interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole; LAD, Left atrial diameter; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD, Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVMI, Left ventricular mass index; LVPWd, Left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; RWT, relative wall thickness; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Scr, serum creatinine; T2DM Duration, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; WBC, white blood cells. aResults shown as median and interquartile range and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. bResults shown as mean ± standard and analyzed using Student’s t-test. cChi-square test was used for proportions comparison.