Table 2.
General Linear Mixed Model Estimated Clinical Marker Linear Trajectory Assessing Impact of Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) Therapy (Post- vs. Pre-DAA Treatment Comparison) Among Persons with HIV/Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection Adjusted for Age, Sex, and Race, the HIV Outpatient Study, 2010–2020
| DAA-treated (n = 153) | DAA-naïve (n = 194) | Linear trajectory | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Markers | Pre-DAAa | Post-DAAb | Post versus prec | Pre-pseudod | Post-pseudoe | Post versus prec | Treated versus naivef (post vs. pre) |
| Log (CD4 cells/mL)g | 0.04 (0.03, 0.05)j | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.00) | −0.05 (−0.08, −0.03) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | −0.06 (−0.10, −0.03) |
| Log (CD8 cells/mL) | −0.02 (−0.03, −0.01) | −0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.06, −0.01) |
| CD4% | 0.81 (0.67, 0.94) | −0.05 (−0.24, 0.14) | −0.85 (−1.12, −0.56) | 0.39 (0.24, 0.53) | 0.04 (−0.23, 0.32) | −0.34 (−0.69, 0.01) | −0.51 (−0.96, −0.06) |
| CD8% | −1.07 (−1.23, −0.91) | 0.48 (0.24, 0.71) | 1.55 (1.21, 1.89) | −0.49 (−0.67, −0.30) | 0.32 (−0.03, 0.66) | 0.80 (0.36, 1.24) | 0.75 (0.19, 1.31) |
| CD4/CD8 (ratio) | 0.04 (0.04, 0.05) | −0.04 (−0.01, 0.01) | −0.05 (−0.06, −0.03) | 0.02 (0.02, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.02) | −0.02 (−0.04, −0.00) | −0.03 (−0.05, 0.00) |
| ALT (mu/μL) | −2.15 (−4.41, 0.11) | −9.7 (−13.25, −6.15) | −7.55 (−12.45, −2.64) | −3.14 (−5.67, −0.63) | −2.83 (−7.18, 1.53) | 0.31 (−5.41, 6.03) | −7.86 (−15.39, −0.33) |
| AST (mu/μL) | −1.30 (−4.17, 1.56) | −8.26 (−12.9, −3.61) | −6.95 (−13.34, −0.57) | 0.92 (−2.18, 4.02) | −7.03 (−12.56, −1.49) | −7.95 (−15.17, −0.73) | 0.99 (−8.65, 10.64) |
| Platelets (count/μL) | −0.74 (−1.97, 0.49) | 3.53 (1.63, 5.43) | 4.27 (1.64, 6.90) | 3.14 (1.73, 4.54) | 0.41 (−1.97, 2.80) | −2.72 (−5.87, 0.43) | 6.99 (2.89, 11.09) |
| FIB-4 | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.13) | −0.20 (−0.31, −0.09) | −0.26 (−0.41, −0.11) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.13, 0.15) | 0.02 (−0.16, 0.20) | −0.28 (−0.51, −0.05) |
| HIV VL (>200 copies/μL)h | −0.36 (−0.45, −0.27) | 0.18 (0.03, 0.34) | 0.54 (0.33, 0.76) | −0.16 (−0.26, −0.06) | 0.02 (−0.13, 0.16) | 0.17 (−0.03, 0.38) | 0.37 (0.08, 0.66) |
| HCV VL (greater than the lower range value)i | −0.23 (−0.27, −0.18) | −2.38 (−2.84, −1.93) | −2.16 (−2.63, −1.69) | −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) | 0.21 (−0.06, 0.47) | 0.22 (−0.06, 0.49) | −2.37 (−2.92, −1.83) |
Pre-DAA indicates prior to DAA prescription for the DAA-treated group.
Post-DAA indicates after DAA prescription for the DAA-treated group.
Pre versus post indicates changes after DAA prescription for the DAA-treated group or DAA-naïve group.
Pre-pseudo indicates prior to propensity score matched FIB-4 date for the DAA-naïve group.
Post-pseudo indicates after propensity score matched FIB-4 date for the DAA-naïve group.
Treated versus naïve groups represent the difference between post versus pre for DAA-treated and post versus pre for DAA-naïve groups.
Logarithmic transformation of CD4 or CD8 counts.
Logistic regression for probability of HIV VL >200 copies/mL.
Logistic regression for probability of HCV VL being detected (greater than the lower range value).
Slope estimates (95% confidence interval) represent the rate of change in marker values per year using all lab results between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019.